PERFORMA ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION SENYAWA BIOAKTIF BUAH KAPULAGA JAWA (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) DENGAN VARIASI AMPLITUDO DAN KONSENTRASI ASAM SITRAT

Rifa Fahmida, Dr. Ir. Devi Yuni Susanti, S.T.P., M.Sc., IPU, ASEAN Eng., APEC Eng.; Bayu Nugraha, S.T.P., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM.

2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN

Kapulaga jawa (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid dan vitamin C yang berperan sebagai antioksidan alami. Ekstraksi senyawa tersebut umumnya masih menggunakan metode konvensional dengan pelarut yang kurang ramah terhadap produk dan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengembangkan metode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) dengan pelarut aquades dengan tambahan asam sitrat sebagai alternatif metode yang efektif  dan aman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi performa UAE dalam mengekstrak Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) dan vitamin C dari kapulaga serta menilai pengaruh variasi amplitudo gelombang ultrasonik (60%, 70%, 80%) dan konsentrasi asam sitrat (1%, 2%, 3%). Ekstraksi berlangsung selama 150 menit, dengan pengambilan sampel setiap 30 menit untuk dianalisis menggunakan model kinetika pseudo second order. Selain kandungan senyawa bioaktif, parameter warna (lightness, redness, yellowness) dan pH ekstrak juga diukur. Hasil menunjukkan TFC tertinggi sebesar 1,657 mg/mL pada amplitudo 70% konsentrasi 1%, sedangkan vitamin C tertinggi sebesar 0,189 mg/mL. Laju ekstraksi tertinggi untuk flavonoid dan vitamin C masing-masing 0,1606 dan 0,2848 mg/mL·menit. Model pseudo second order menggambarkan proses ekstraksi dengan baik (R² > 0,97). Metode UAE dengan pelarut NADES terbukti efektif dalam mengekstrak senyawa bioaktif, dan parameter fisik ekstrak turut dipengaruhi oleh variasi perlakuan.

Javanese cardamom (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and vitamin C, which act as natural antioxidants. Conventional extraction methods are still commonly employed, often involving solvents that are less environmentally friendly and potentially detrimental to product quality. Therefore, this study developed an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method using distilled water supplemented with citric acid as an effective and safe alternative. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of UAE in extracting Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and vitamin C from cardamom and to assess the effects of varying ultrasonic wave amplitudes (60%, 70%, and 80%) and citric acid concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%). The extraction process was conducted for 150 minutes, with sampling every 30 minutes. The extraction kinetics were analyzed using the pseudo-second-order model. In addition to the bioactive compound content, the physical parameters of the extract, including color attributes (lightness, redness, yellowness) and pH, were also measured. The highest TFC obtained was 1.657 mg/mL at 70% amplitude and 1% citric acid concentration, while the maximum vitamin C content was 0.189 mg/mL. The highest extraction rates for flavonoids and vitamin C were 0.1606 and 0.2848 mg/mL·min, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided a good fit for the extraction process (R² > 0.97). The UAE method using a citric acid-based solvent proved effective for extracting bioactive compounds, and the extract’s physical parameters were influenced by the treatment variations.

Kata Kunci : Kapulaga jawa, ultrasound-assisted extraction, asam sitrat, flavonoid, kinetika pseudo second order