Pemetaan Perubahan Tutupan Lahan di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta
Tiara Asri Aryati, Prof. Dr. Ir. Harintaka, S.T., MT., IPU. ASEAN Eng.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK GEODESI
Mount Merapi National Park has an important role for nature and society such as a water catchment area, flora and fauna habitat, and social and religious functions. However, over the years population growth and economic activity have increased, causing the risk of changes in forest areas that can damage nature to increase. In 2014, Presidential Regulation Number 70 concerning the Spatial Plan for the Mount Merapi National Park Area was issued, which is expected to reduce and maintain the forest area in the Mount Merapi National Park area. With research related to changes in land cover in the area, the effectiveness of a policy that regulates the area, especially in protecting the local ecosystem, can be determined. The selected time period includes land cover conditions in 2013, namely one year before the Presidential Regulation No. 70 of 2014 until 2023 to determine the magnitude of the latest changes after the issuance of the policy.
Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery in 2013, 2018 and Landsat 9 Imagery in 2023 were used in the study as basic materials to determine changes in land cover over a period of 10 years. Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 images have a spatial resolution of 30 m which is included in the medium resolution, so in this study pan-sharpening was carried out on the image to obtain an image with a better resolution than before. The study was conducted by classifying land cover of vegetation areas and open land using the random forest method which then can be used to determine the changes that occur in the Mount Merapi National Park area. The random forest classification method was chosen based on several studies that showed that the classification results with this method had high accuracy compared to other machine learning supervised classification methods. Changes were calculated by performing spatial vector/overlay analysis on the classified image.
The results showed that the area of vegetation land in 2013 was 1555.37 ha, the area of vegetation land in 2018 was 1700.88 ha while in 2023 it was 1771.05 ha. This indicates that the area of vegetation land is increasing in each period. During the period 2013 to 2023, there has been a change in the class of open land to vegetation of 215.68 ha, which means that the research area of Mount Merapi National Park in Sleman Regency is getting greener. Based on the calculation of the rate of vegetation change over a 10-year period, the average rate of change in land cover from vegetation to open land is -1.39%/year with a change in land cover from open land to vegetation of 21.56 ha/year. Thus, the area of Mount Merapi National Park in Sleman Regency, Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, which is Zone L1 (protected zone), shows positive results regarding the regulations in force to protect fauna and flora and the environment.
Kata Kunci : taman nasional gunung merapi, perubahan tutupan lahan, vegetasi, Landsat