Pengaruh Essential Oils dalam Pakan Rendah Protein Terhadap Produktivitas, Karakteristik Karkas, Histomorfologi Usus, dan Ekspresi Gen Barrier Function pada Broiler

Muhtadin, Dr. Ir. Muhsin Al Anas, S.Pt., IPP.; Ir. Muhlisin, S.Pt., M.Agri., Ph.D.,IPP.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kombinasi essential oils (EO, terdiri dari serai, timi, dan cengkih) yang disaponifikasi dalam pakan rendah protein (low protein diet, LPD) terhadap produktivitas, karakteristik karkas, histomorfologi usus dan ekspresi gen tight junctions serta inflamasi pada broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 360 ekor day old chick (DOC) strain Ross 308 dengan enam perlakuan dalam rancangan faktorial 2 x 3, terdiri dari 2 level protein, yaitu standard protein diet (SPD) 19,5?n low protein diet (LPD) 18,0%, serta 3 level EO (0, 300, dan 600 mg/kg pakan). Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari enam ulangan dengan 10 ekor ayam per ulangan. Perlakuan diberikan pada umur 21-34 hari (fase finisher). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level protein tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas (P>0,05). Suplementasi EO dengan dosis 300 mg/kg menghasilkan FCR yang terbaik, meskipun tidak berbeda signifikan  dibandingakan kontrol. Level protein dan EO tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persentase karkas, dada, sayap, atau paha (P>0,05). Suplementasi EO meningkatkan persentase lemak abdominal (P<0>0,05). Namun, penambahan EO menghasilkan kedalaman kripta yang rendah (P<0>0,05). Level protein tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspresi gen ZO-1, tetapi meningkat (P<0>tight junctions. Suplementasi ini mendukung homeostasis imun, sehingga berkontribusi dalam mempertahankan produktivitas ayam broiler di bawah kondisi pembatasan protein.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding a combination of essential oils (EOs, consisting of lemongrass, thyme, and clove) that were saponified into a low-protein diet (LPD) on productivity, carcass characteristics, intestinal histomorphology, and the expression of tight junction and inflammatory genes in broiler chickens. A total of 360 day-old chicks (DOC) of the Ross 308 strain were used in a 2 × 3 factorial design comprising six treatments: two protein levels, standard protein diet (SPD) at 19.5% and low protein diet (LPD) at 18% and three EO levels (0, 300, and 600 mg/kg of feed). Each treatment was replicated six times with 10 birds per replicate. Treatments were administered from days 21 to 34 (finisher phase). The results showed that dietary protein level had no significant effect on broiler performance (P>0.05). Supplementation with 300 mg/kg EO resulted in a better FCR, although it was not significantly different from the control. Dietary CP and EO levels had no significant effect on the percentage of carcass, breast, wing, or thigh (P>0,05). Supplementation with EO increased the abdominal fat percentage (P<0>0,05). However, EO supplementation decreased crypt depth (CD) (P<0>0,05). Dietary protein level had no significant effect on ZO-1 gene expression; however, its expression was significantly upregulated (P?<?0,001) with the addition of 300 and 600?mg/kg EO. Dietary LPD increased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF-? and IL-18 (P<0>

Kata Kunci : Low protein diet, Essential oils, Histomorfologi usus, Tight junctions, Inflamasi.