Distribusi Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Organik di Kecamatan Sawangan Kabupaten Magelang

Inayatun Nur'aini, Sugiyarto, S.P., M.Sc.; Arini Wahyu Utami, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Padi organik banyak dikembangkan di Kecamatan Sawangan, terutama setelah adanya program The Development of Integrated Farming in Upland Areas (UPLAND). Sebagian besar sumber ekonomi rumah tangga juga berasal dari sektor pertanian. Namun, petani memiliki akses terhadap sumber daya yang berbeda-beda. Hal ini mengindikasi adanya ketimpangan pendapatan dan lebih lanjut berdampak terhadap kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui kontribusi pendapatan usaha tani padi organik, (2) menganalisis distribusi pendapatan, (3) mengukur tingkat kemiskinan, dan (4) mengetahui korelasi antara distribusi pendapatan dengan kemiskinan di Kecamatan Sawangan. Data primer penelitian berjumlah 60 rumah tangga petani padi organik yang dipilih secara acak. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi kontribusi pendapatan, indeks dan dekomposisi Gini, kurva Lorenz, serta analisis kemiskinan berdasarkan garis kemiskinan kriteria BPS dan World Bank, indeks FGT, dan Spearman correlation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan usaha tani padi organik berkontribusi sebesar 51,42% terhadap pendapatan total rumah tangga. Nilai indeks Gini pendapatan total rumah tangga bernilai 0,418 yang menunjukkan ketimpangan tingkat sedang. Usaha tani padi organik berkontribusi dalam memperbaiki distribusi pendapatan. Tingkat kemiskinan berdasarkan kriteria BPS sebesar 25?n meningkat hingga 98,33?rdasarkan kriteria World Bank. Analisis indeks FGT berdasarkan kriteria BPS menunjukkan kedalaman dan keparahan kemiskinan rumah tangga petani padi organik cukup rendah, sedangkan berdasarkan kriteria World Bank tergolong parah. Distribusi pendapatan secara signifikan berkorelasi negatif dengan kemiskinan. Perbaikan distribusi pendapatan berasosiasi dengan penurunan kemiskinan. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya dukungan pemerintah dalam pengembangan padi organik, perluasan akses sumber pendapatan melalui agroindustri berbasis padi, dan optimalisasi penyaluran bantuan kepada rumah tangga petani padi organik.

Organic rice farming has developed significantly in Sawangan Sub-district, especially following the implementation of the Development of Integrated Farming in Upland Areas (UPLAND) program. Most household incomes are derived from the agricultural sector. However, farmers have unequal access to productive resources, indicating income inequality that affects household welfare. This study aims to (1) analyze the contribution of organic rice farming income, (2) assess income distribution among farm households, (3) measure poverty levels, and (4) examine the correlation between income distribution and poverty among households engaged in organic rice farming. Primary data were collected from 60 randomly selected households. The analytical methods included income contribution analysis, the Gini index and decomposition, the Lorenz curve, poverty analysis based on the BPS and World Bank poverty lines, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index, and Spearman correlation analysis. The results indicate that income from organic rice farming contributes 51,42% of the total household income. The total Gini index is 0.418, indicating moderate inequality. Organic farming income reduces income inequality among households. The poverty rate is 25?sed on the BPS poverty line, whereas the number increases to 98.33% under the World Bank standard. The FGT index shows low poverty depth and severity under BPS criteria, but depicts severe poverty under the World Bank standard. A significant negative correlation between income distribution and poverty indicates that improved income distribution is associated with reduced poverty. The results suggest that the government should promote organic rice farming, enhance income diversification through rice-based agroindustry, and optimize aid distribution to organic rice farm households.

Kata Kunci : padi organik, distribusi pendapatan, kemiskinan