Uji Kinerja Alat Deteksi Kandungan Npk dalam Pupuk Berbasis Soil Integrated Sensors pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit

Ririn Febri Kusumawardani, Ir. Andri Prima Nugroho, S.T.P., M.Sc., Ph.D, IPU., ASEAN Eng., APEC Eng.

2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN

    Sektor perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia, menghadapi tantangan serius akibat peredaran pupuk tidak sesuai standar. Praktik ini tidak hanya merugikan secara finansial, tetapi juga menurunkan produktivitas lahan. Metode deteksi konvensional, seperti uji laboratorium, memakan waktu dan biaya tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja alat deteksi kandungan NPK pupuk berbasis Soil Integrated Sensors sebagai solusi deteksi cepat dan tepat pada skala laboratorium, serta membandingkan kinerja alat tersebut dengan alat Jinawi dalam mendeteksi unsur hara NPK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dengan menguji sampel pupuk NPK asli, palsu, dan campuran. Kinerja alat deteksi NPK dan alat Jinawi dievaluasi berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium sebagai acuan standar. Analisis data meliputi uji regresi linear untuk kalibrasi, uji korelasi Pearson untuk menilai hubungan antara pembacaan alat dan hasil laboratorium, serta uji konsistensi untuk mengevaluasi stabilitas dan keandalan pengukuran. Selain itu, dilakukan uji keberhasilan untuk mengukur akurasi klasifikasi jenis pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat deteksi NPK pupuk memiliki korelasi kuat dengan hasil uji laboratorium untuk parameter Nitrogen (r = 0.79) dan Kalium (r = 0.59). Perbandingan dengan alat Jinawi menunjukkan bahwa alat deteksi NPK yang dikembangkan memiliki tingkat akurasi dan konsistensi yang lebih baik. Alat Jinawi menunjukkan korelasi yang lebih rendah (Nitrogen r=0.50, Kalium r=0.54, Fosfor r=0.09) dan menghasilkan pola yang tidak konsisten, serta tidak mampu membedakan kadar NPK antar jenis sampel pupuk secara akurat. Alat deteksi NPK juga menunjukkan presisi sangat tinggi dalam mengklasifikasikan pupuk palsu (100%), dengan presisi keseluruhan mencapai 90,67% untuk semua sampel. Meskipun demikian, terdapat sedikit tantangan dalam membedakan antara pupuk asli dan campuran. Alat deteksi kandungan NPK dalam pupuk berbasis Soil Integrated Sensors lebih unggul dari alat Jinawi dalam mendeteksi kualitas pupuk. Alat deteksi ini menunjukkan korelasi lebih kuat terhadap kandungan Nitrogen dan Kalium, serta presisi tinggi dalam mengklasifikasikan pupuk palsu. Meskipun demikian, stabilitas sensor fosfor masih menjadi area yang memerlukan perbaikan.

The Indonesian palm oil plantation sector faces serious challenges due to the distribution of substandard fertilizers. This practice is not only financially detrimental but also reduces land productivity. Conventional detection methods, such as laboratory testing, are time-consuming and expensive. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a Soil Integrated Sensors-based NPK fertilizer detection tool as a fast and precise detection solution at the laboratory scale, and to compare its performance with the Jinawi tool in detecting NPK nutrients. This study used an approach that tested genuine, counterfeit, and mixed NPK fertilizer samples. The performance of the NPK detection tool and the Jinawi tool was evaluated based on laboratory test results as a standard reference. Data analysis included a linear regression test for calibration, a Pearson correlation test to assess the relationship between the tool readings and laboratory results, and a consistency test to evaluate the stability and reliability of the measurements. Furthermore, a success test was conducted to measure the accuracy of fertilizer type classification. The results showed that the NPK fertilizer detection tool had a strong correlation with laboratory test results for Nitrogen (r = 0.79) and Potassium (r = 0.59). Comparison with the Jinawi tool showed that the developed NPK detection tool had a better level of accuracy and consistency. The Jinawi tool showed a lower correlation (Nitrogen r = 0.50, Potassium r = 0.54, Phosphorus r = 0.09) and produced inconsistent patterns, and was unable to accurately distinguish NPK levels between types of fertilizer samples. The NPK detection tool also showed very high precision in classifying counterfeit fertilizers (100%), with an overall precision of 90.67% for all samples. However, there were some challenges in distinguishing between genuine and mixed fertilizers. The Soil Integrated Sensors-based NPK fertilizer detection tool was superior to the Jinawi tool in detecting fertilizer quality. This detection tool showed a stronger correlation with Nitrogen and Potassium contents, as well as high precision in classifying counterfeit fertilizers. However, the stability of the phosphorus sensor is still an area that requires improvement.

Kata Kunci : deteksi pupuk, fosfor, kalium, nitrogen, soil integrated sensors/fertilizer detection, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil integrated sensors