Analisis Residu Antibiotik Golongan Tetrasiklin dan Aminoglikosida pada Hati Ayam Menggunakan Metode Uji Tapis Secara Bioassay

Dinda Khairunnisa, drh. Nur Ika Prihanani, M.Sc.

2025 | Tugas Akhir | D4 Teknologi Veteriner

Keamanan pangan sangat penting karena berkaitan dengan kualitas pangan yang memenuhi standar. Kualitas pangan asal hewan mengacu pada aspek aman, sehat, utuh, dan halal (ASUH) serta bebas cemaran mikroba patogen, kimia, dan fisik. Konsumsi pangan asal hewan yang mengandung cemaran kimia berupa residu antibiotik dapat menimbulkan alergi, gangguan saluran pencernaan, gangguan sistem saraf, hipersensitivitas, dan resistensi antibiotik. Penyusunan Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya residu antibiotik golongan tetrasiklin dan aminoglikosida yang terkandung pada hati ayam dari pasar tradisional di Kecamatan Boyolali, menggunakan uji tapis (screening test) secara bioassay. Sampel uji berupa hati ayam sebanyak 12, yang diperoleh di Pasar Kota Boyolali dan Pasar Sunggingan. Hasil uji menunjukkan sampel hati ayam sebanyak 1/12 sampel (8.33%) positif mengandung residu antibiotik golongan tetrasiklin dan negatif residu antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida. Sebanyak 11/12 sampel (91.67%) negatif residu antibiotik tetrasiklin dan aminoglikosida menurut SNI 7424:2008. Sampel hati ayam sebanyak 91,67% aman untuk dikonsumsi karena tidak melebihi batas maksimum residu antibiotik golongan tetrasiklin dan aminoglikosida yang ditetapkan SNI 9223:2023. Pencegahan residu antibiotik dapat diupayakan melalui penggunaan dan dosis antibiotik yang sesuai, serta memperhatikan masa henti obat.

Food safety is very important because it relates to food quality that meets standards. The quality of animal-derived food refers to the aspects of safety, health, integrity, and halal (ASUH) as well as being free from pathogenic microbial, chemical, and physical contaminants. Consumption of food derived from animals containing antibiotic residues can cause allergies, digestive tract disorders, nervous system disorders, hypersensitivity, and antibiotic resistance. The aim of final project was to determine the presence of tetracycline and aminoglycoside antibiotic residues in chicken livers from traditional markets in Boyolali District, using a screening test bioassay method. The test samples consisted of 12 chicken livers obtained from Boyolali City Market and Sunggingan Market. The test results showed that one out of 12 samples (8.33%) was positive for tetracycline antibiotic residues and negative for aminoglycoside antibiotic residues. Eleven out of 12 samples (91.67%) were negative for tetracycline and aminoglycoside antibiotic residues according to SNI 9223:2023. As much as 91.67% of chicken liver samples are safe for consumption as do not exceed the maximum residue limits for tetracycline and aminoglycoside antibiotics by SNI 9223:2023. Prevention of antibiotic residues can be achieved through the appropriate use and dosage of antibiotics, as well as observing the withdrawal period. 

Kata Kunci : antibiotika, aminoglikosida, hati ayam, residu, tetrasiklin.