Kinerja Manajemen Hutan Rakyat Pada KTH Gunung Bujel Asri Di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Afnahanan Fakhira Wiratno, Prof. Dr. Ir. San Afri Awang, M.Sc.; Dr. Ir. Rohman, S.Hut., M.P., IPU.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Optimalisasi peran hutan rakyat sebagai penopang ekonomi dan keberlanjutan lingkungan menghadapi tantangan struktural dan kelembagaan, terutama dalam kontribusinya terhadap kesejahteraan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi sosial ekonomi serta menganalisis kinerja keberlanjutan manajemen hutan rakyat lestari di KTH Gunung Bujel Asri, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis pendapatan, kemiskinan, dan deskriptif sosial ekonomi dilakukan melalui metode survei, sedangkan analisis kinerja keberlanjutan manajemen KTH Gunung Bujel Asri menggunakan pendekatan Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur organisasi di KTH Gunung Bujel Asri belum pernah terdapat regenasi kepengurusan. Partisipasi masyarakat masih bersifat insidental dan meningkat hanya saat terdapat bantuan program dari pihak luar. Pada kondisi ekonomi, meskipun rata-rata pendapatan per kapita anggota kelompok mencapai Rp989.008 per bulan, atau telah melampaui garis kemiskinan Kabupaten Kulon Progo, kontribusi pendapatan dari sektor hutan rakyat hanya sebesar 14,29%. Hal ini mencerminkan posisi marjinal hutan rakyat sebagai sumber penghidupan utama. Seluruh anggota masih tergolong miskin secara absolut bila hanya mengandalkan pendapatan dari sektor hutan rakyat. 

Analisis kinerja keberlanjutan manajemen hutan rakyat di KTH Gunung Bujel Asri menunjukkan kategori “kurang berkelanjutan” dengan nilai 47,87%, yang menandakan perlunya perbaikan menyeluruh. Dimensi pengawasan dan tindakan merupakan aspek dengan nilai terendah, sehingga menjadi prioritas dalam peningkatan kinerja. Atribut-atribut kunci yang perlu segera diperkuat meliputi perancangan kegiatan dan program (perencanaan), pengembangan kapasitas anggota (pengorganisasian), pelaksanaan pengelolaan wisata (tindakan), serta kegiatan evaluasi organisasi (pengawasan). Kelemahan pada aspek-aspek tersebut berkontribusi langsung terhadap rendahnya efektivitas pengelolaan hutan rakyat dan minimnya dampak terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan sosial ekonomi petani. Selain itu, potensi aktivitas wisata Watu Tekek sebagai bentuk diversifikasi pendapatan turut mengalami penurunan akibat dampak pandemi COVID-19 dan konflik internal kelembagaan. Meski demikian, peluang pemulihan masih terbuka melalui penguatan tata kelola kelembagaan dan pengelolaan wisata yang lebih adaptif dan partisipatif.

The optimization of privately owned forest functions as a source of economic support and environmental sustainability faces structural and institutional challenges, particularly in its contribution to farmers’ welfare. This study aims to assess the socio-economic conditions and analyze the sustainable performance of privately owned forest management at Forest Farmer Groups (Kelompok Tani Hutan/KTH) Gunung Bujel Asri, Kulon Progo Regency, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Income analysis, poverty measurement, and socio-economic profiling were conducted through survey methods, while the assessment of management sustainability performance employed the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) approach.

The findings reveal that institutional sustainability remains hindered by a generational gap in institutional engagement. Community participation remains incidental, often increasing only in response to externally funded programs or aid initiatives. From an economic standpoint, although the average per capita income of group members reaches IDR 989,008 per month exceeding the regional of Kulon Progo Regency poverty line the contribution from the privately owned forest sector accounts for only 14.29%. This indicates the marginal role of privately owned forests as a primary source of livelihood. All members would still fall under the category of absolute poverty if they relied solely on income derived from forest-based activities.

The performance of privately owned forest management at KTH Gunung Bujel Asri is categorized as “less sustainable” with a score of 47.87%, indicating the need for comprehensive improvements. The lowest scores were found in the dimensions of monitoring and implementation, which should be prioritized for performance enhancement. Key attributes requiring immediate reinforcement include activity and program design (planning), member capacity development (organizing), tourism management execution (actuating), and organizational evaluation (controlling). Deficiencies in these areas directly contribute to the low effectiveness of privately owned forest management and its limited impact on farmers’ socio-economic wellbeing. Additionally, the tourism potential of Watu Tekek as an income diversification strategy has declined due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and internal institutional conflicts. Nonetheless, recovery opportunities remain through strengthened institutional governance and more adaptive and participatory tourism management.

Kata Kunci : Hutan Rakyat, Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH), Keberlanjutan, Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS), Pandemi COVID-19