Gambaran Perilaku Kepatuhan SOP dan Risiko Kejadian Needle Stick Injury (NSI) pada Perawat ICU RSA UGM

Asha Yasminasti, Dr. Akhmadi, S.Kp., M.Kes., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Kom., Rizki Puji Agustin, S.Kep., Ns., MSc.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: K3RS merupakan aspek fundamental dalam menjamin perlindungan sumber daya rumah sakit serta lingkungan klinis dari beragam potensi bahaya. Di antara insiden yang kerap terjadi, NSI merupakan kecelakaan kerja dengan risiko transmisi invasif seperti Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, dan HIV yang berdampak pada mortalitas dan morbiditas tinggi. Konsekuensi NSI meliputi cedera fisik, psikologis (kecemasan, PTSD), implikasi ekonomi, dan reputasi institusi. ICU dengan kompleksitas pasien kritis, beban kerja tinggi, dan prosedur invasif, teridentifikasi sebagai area yang berisiko NSI. Penelitian mendalam atas penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar untuk meningkatkan keselamatan kerja, kualitas pelayanan, dan mencapai zero accident di ICU.

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gambaran risiko kejadian NSI dan kepatuhan SOP pada perawat ICU RSA UGM

Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, melibatkan 156 perawat ICU RSA UGM. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner self-report terkait risiko kejadian NSI dan tingkat kepatuhan perawat terhadap SOP. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada periode Maret hingga Mei 2025. Hasil analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan analisis univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi masing-masing variabel dan setiap item pertanyaan.

Hasil: Sebanyak 40 dari 156 perawat mengalami kejadian NSI (25.6%). Adapun perawat ICU memiliki risiko NSI sebesar 43,6?ngan penyebab berisiko adalah tindakan recapping jarum. Dari keseluruhan responden, mayoritas perawat patuh terhadap SOP (72,4%) dan menunjukkan persepsi serta sikap yang baik selama prosedur menyuntik.

Kesimpulan: Risiko kejadian NSI pada perawat ICU RSA UGM memiliki peluang tertinggi pada jenis kelamin laki-laki, kategori usia 36-45 tahun, tingkat pendidikan S1 Keperawatan, masa kerja >5 tahun, dan pada perawat yang tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan. Sebagian besar perawat ICU RSA UGM patuh terhadap SOP terkait pencegahan kejadian NSI.

Background: Occupational Safety and Health in hospitals is fundamental in safeguarding the well-being of human resources and the clinical environment from various potential hazards. Among the frequently occurring incidents, Needle stick injury is an occupational accident with the risk of transmitting pathogens such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV, leading to high mortality and morbidity. The consequences of NSI extend from physical injury to psychological impacts like anxiety and PTSD, economic implications, and institutional reputation. ICU, with its complexity of critically ill patients, high workload, and invasive procedures, is identified as an area at high risk for NSI. An in-depth investigation into this topic is expected to form the basis for developing evidence-based interventions to improve occupational safety, service quality, and achieve zero accidents in the ICU environment.

Objective: This study aims to describe NSI risk and SOP compliance in ICU nurses at RSA UGM

Method: This research employs a descriptive, quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. It involves 156 nurses in the ICU of RSA UGM. Data collection was performed using self-report questionnaires regarding nurses' history of NSI incidents and their level of SOP compliance. Data collection was conducted from March to May 2025. Data analysis included univariate analysis for descriptive characteristics.

Results: A total of 40 out of 156 nurses experienced NSI incidents (25.6%). Furthermore, ICU nurses had an NSI risk of 43.6%, with the act of recapping needles identified as the risk factor. Of all respondents, the majority of nurses (72.4%) were compliant with SOPs and demonstrated good perceptions and attitudes during injection procedures.

Conclusion: The risk of NSI incidents among ICU nurses at RSA UGM was highest in male nurses, those aged 36-45 years, with a Bachelor's degree in Nursing, more than 5 years of work experience, and in nurses who had never attended training. The majority of ICU nurses at RSA UGM were compliant with SOPs related to the prevention of NSI incidents.

Keywords: needle stick injuries, compliance, ICU, nurses

Kata Kunci : kepatuhan, SOP, kejadian tertusuk jarum, intensive care unit, perawat