OPTIMASI SUHU DAN WAKTU PADA TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KEPUH (Sterculia foetida L.) TERHADAP KUALITAS YIELD BIODIESEL DENGAN RESPONSES SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)
Azka Rusyda Farsya Kusmayadi, Ir. Sigit Sunarta, S.Hut., M.O., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU; Ir. Denny Irawati, S.Hut., M.Si.,Ph.D., IPM
2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN
The global energy crisis caused by the depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing demand for energy drives the search for sustainable alternative energy sources. Indonesia faces a high dependence on imported diesel fuel. Biodiesel derived from kepuh seed oil (Sterculia foetida L.), a nonfood raw material, has the potential to be a viable solution. This study aims to optimize the temperature and reaction time of the transesterification process of kepuh seed oil using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to produce biodiesel that meets SNI 7182:2015 quality standards.
The transesterification of kepuh seed oil were designed using Central Composite Design (CCD) within the RSM framework, with two variables: temperature (55-65°C) and reaction time (30-60 minutes), employing Design Expert 13 software. The Responses measured included biodiesel yield and various quality parameters as per the standard. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to assess the significance of the variables and to identify the best quadratic model. The model was validated by comparing Predicted results with actual experimental data to ensure accuracy.
The biodiesel test results showed that temperature and reaction time significantly influenced biodiesel quality. The highest yield reached 86.36% at 60°C and 66.21 minutes, while the lowest yield was 56.36% at 52.93°C and 45 minutes. Quality parameters such as acid number, saponification number, iodine value, viscosity, and cetane number were within the ranges stipulated by SNI 7182:2015. Optimization using CCD and RSM resulted in optimal conditions at 61.05°C and 52.01 minutes with an 82.37% yield, demonstrating high-quality biodiesel production and an efficient transesterification process.
Kata Kunci : transesterifikasi, minyak biji kepuh, Design Expert, Response Surface Methodology, optimasi biodiesel