Komparasi pendapatan petani pada usahatani agroforestry Lingkar Gunung Rinjani, Pulau Lombok, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

PRAMARIA, Andi, Prof.Dr. Dibyo Prabowo, M.Sc

2004 | Tesis | Magister Ekonomika Pembangunan

Gunung Rinjani merupakan sumber air utama bagi penduduk Pulau Lombok sehingga sebagian besar (± 125.000 Ha) ditetapkan sebagai kawasan hutan. Sekitar ±125 sungai yang mengalir di Pulau Lombok berasal dari kawasan Gunung Rinjani sehingga keberadaannya sangat vital. Daerah bawah (sebagai daerah hilir) yang menerima irigasi menjadi lebih produktif sedangkan daerah atas (hulu) diarahkan bagi konservasi guna menjaga sistem tata air bagi daerah hilir. Akibatnya aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat sekitar Gunung Rinjani menjadi lebih terbatas dan cenderung menjadi kantong kemiskinan yang luas dibandingkan dengan masyarakat daerah bawah (hilir). Akibat lebih lanjut adalah terjadinya disparitas pendapatan masyarakat hulu dan hilir (upland and lowland). Bentuk usahatani yang dilakukan masyarakat Gunung Rinjani menuju pada pola agroforestry yaitu bentuk tata guna lahan yang tetap (permanen), di mana pepohonan ditanam dengan dicampurkan tanaman pertanian atau bergiliran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pendapatan petani antarlokasi agroforestry serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi. Metode yang digunakan adalah area sampling sekitar Gunung Rinjani pada 7 lokasi agroforestry yaitu Kekait, Rempek, Bentek, Genggelang, Lantan, Aik Berik dan Setiling, serta 2 status lahan yaitu lahan hutan dan non hutan. Responden pada masing-masing lokasi dan status lahan, ditentukan dengan metode equally distributed sebanyak 20 petani responden sehingga secara keseluruhan akan terdapat 280 responden. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analysis of variance (anova) dengan menggunakan uji F pada level significant 1% . Analisis lanjutan dilakukan dengan menggunakan least significant difference (LSD). Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani agroforestry rata-rata mencapai Rp4.028.615,-/Ha/tahun yang berasal dari produksi tanaman pangan Rp98.894,-, tanaman perkebunan Rp3.341.080,- dan tanaman MPTS sebesar Rp630.901,-. Pendapatan petani antarlokasi agroforestry menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata antarlokasi (F hitung 9,24 dan F tabel pada significant level 0,01 sebesar 2,11). Pendapatan antarstatus lahan usahatani agroforestry menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (F hitung 159,45 dan F tabel pada significant level 0,01 sebesar 6,76). Interaksi antara lokasi dan status lahan memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan petani agroforestry (F hitung 18,65 dan F tabel pada significant level 0,01 sebesar 6,76). Faktor lokasi yang memberi nilai perbedaan pendapatan petani agroforestry dibandingkan dengan lokasi lainnya meliputi 9 kombinasi (selisih rata-rata pendapatan petani > nilai LSD sebesar 1.427.916) sedangkan yang tidak memberi perbedaan pendapatan petani agroforestry mencapai 12 kombinasi (selisih rata-rata pendapatan petani ≤ dari nilai LSD sebesar 1.427.916). Interaksi antarlokasi dan antarstatus lahan yang memberi nilai perbedaan pendapatan petani agroforestry sebanyak 68 kombinasi (selisih rata-rata pendapatan petani > nilai LSD sebesar 1.439.320) sedangkan yang tidak memberi perbedaan pendapatan sebanyak 23 kombinasi (selisih ratarata pendapatan petani ≤ nilai LSD sebesar 1.439.320)

Rinjani Mountain is the main source of water for Lombok Island’s dweller so that most of this area (± 125,000 ha) is maintained as a forest area. It is about 125 rivers flowed come from this mountain, therefore the existence of the mountain is extremely vital for life of the island. Downstream (lowland) which receives much more water irrigation is more productive area compared to upstream (upland) which is planned for conservation area (catchment’s area). As a result, economic activities of people around Rinjani (upstream) are limited and this area tends to be as a poverty pocket compared to downstream (lowland). Further influence of the condition is that there is a disparity income between people in upland and lowland. Farming system model used by farmers in the surround of Rinjani Mountain is an agroforestry, which is defined as a permanent land system in which trees grown are mixed with crops in the same time or regular change. The objective of this research was to measure the farmer’s income among agroforestry locations and factors influenced. Seven agroforestry locations surround Rinjani Mountain were selected as the research area namely Kekait, Rempek, Bentek, Genggelang, Lantan, Aik Berik and Setilling, which was differentiated into two land status, - forest and non-forest. Respondents in each location and land status were determined by equally distributed method in which the numbers of respondents in each location and land status were 20, so that total respondents were 280. Data analysis used in this research was analysis of variance (Anova) two factor and F test with level of significant 1%. Least Significant Different (LSD) was used for further analysis. Result of this research showed that the average of agroforestry’s farmer income was Rp4,028,615 ha/year in which Rp98,894 was earned from crops production, Rp3,341,080 from plantation production, and Rp630,901 from multipurpose tree species (MPTS) production. Farmer’s income among agroforestry locations demonstrated significant difference (F ratio 9.24 and F table 2.11 at significant level 0.01). While, farmers income between land status showed a significant difference (F ratio 159.45 and F table 6.76 at significant level 0.01). Meanwhile, interaction between location and land status of agroforestry model revealed a significant influence on farmer’s income (F ratio 18.65 and F table 6.76 at significant level 0.01). The location factor that caused considerable difference of farmer’s income consisted of 9 combinations (difference of farmers income average > LSD value of 1,427,916), however there was no considerable difference of farmer’s income on 12 combinations location factor (difference of farmers income average ≤ LSD value of 1,427,916). Interaction of location and land status that caused significant difference of farmer’s income were 68 combinations (difference of farmers income average > LSD value of 1,439,320) but there were no significant difference on 23 combinations location and land status (difference of farmers income average ≤ LSD value of 1,439,320)

Kata Kunci : Pendapatan Petani,Usahatani Agroforestry