SILIKA MESOPORI TERFOSFATASI DARI ABU DAUN SALAK TERIMPREGNASI KALSIUM OKSIDA SEBAGAI KATALIS FUNGSI GANDA UNTUK KONVERSI SATU LANGKAH MINYAK GORENG SAWIT BEKAS MENJADI BIODIESEL
Adelia Indah Lestari, Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Karna Wijaya, M.Eng. ; Akhmad Syoufian, S.Si., Ph.D.
2025 | Skripsi | KIMIA
Peningkatan konsumsi energi fosil yang disertai dengan
tingginya emisi gas rumah kaca mendorong para peneliti untuk mengembangkan
inovasi biodiesel berbasis minyak nabati sebagai upaya menuju netralitas
karbon. Penelitian ini telah berhasil mensintesis silika mesopori terfosfatasi
dari abu daun salak terimpregnasi kalsium oksida (CaO/PO4–MS)
yang digunakan untuk mengonversi minyak goreng sawit bekas menjadi biodiesel. Karakterisasi
katalis CaO/PO4–MS dilakukan
menggunakan instrumen XRD, FTIR, NH3–TPD, CO2–TPD,
SAA, SEM–EDX Mapping, dan XPS. Optimasi biodiesel dilakukan menggunakan Response
Surface Methodology (RSM) model Central Composite Design
(CCD) dengan variabel waktu reaksi (A), konsentrasi katalis (B), dan rasio mol metanol:minyak
(C). Parameter optimum yang diperoleh kemudian digunakan
pada uji reusability.
The increasing consumption of fossil fuels, along with high
greenhouse gas emissions, has prompted researchers to develop innovations in
vegetable oil-based biodiesel as an effort to achieve carbon neutrality. In
this study, phosphated mesoporous silica (CaO/PO?–MS) was successfully
synthesized from calcium oxide-impregnated salak leaf ash and used to convert
used palm oil into biodiesel. The CaO/PO?–MS catalyst was characterized using
XRD, FTIR, SAA, NH?–TPD, CO?–TPD, SEM–EDX mapping, and XPS. Biodiesel optimization
was carried out using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central
Composite Design (CCD), employing reaction time (A), catalyst concentration
(B), and methanol-to-oil molar ratio (C) as independent variables. The optimum
parameters obtained were then used in the reusability test.
This study successfully developed and evaluated CaO/PO4–MS catalyst for biodiesel production through a one-step process approach using used palm cooking oil. Characterization showed that this catalyst has a total acidity value of 0.15 mmol/g NH? and total basicity of 0.05 mmol/g CO?, which contribute to its catalytic activity. The catalyst was able to produce a biodiesel yield of 82.67% at a reaction temperature of 65 °C, a catalyst concentration of 4%, a reaction time of 3 hours, and a molar ratio of methanol:oil of 18:1. The performance of CaO/PO4–MS catalyst proved superior to MS, PO?–MS, CaO/MS, and PO?–MS followed by CaO/MS (two-step process). The reusability evaluation showed that the catalyst still maintained good activity after five cycles of use, with a biodiesel yield of 72.68% in the fifth cycle. The optimization process using RSM method with CCD design resulted in optimal conditions at a reaction time of 3.59 hours, catalyst concentration of 4.131%, and methanol:oil ratio of 18.69:1. The prediction model obtained showed high accuracy, with an optimum biodiesel yield of 83.63% and a prediction error against experimental data of 0.961%. The results of this study indicate that the one-step process approach with CaO/PO?–MS catalyst is an efficient and potential method to be applied in biodiesel production in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly manner in processing waste oil into alternative fuels.
Kata Kunci : abu daun salak, biodiesel, kalsium oksida, minyak goreng sawit bekas, silika mesopori terfosfatasi