Keanekaragaman dan Distribusi Spesies Ular Berbisa di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Afif Fatah Rizki, Donan Satria Yudha, S.Si, M.Sc.

2025 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Ular berbisa berperan penting dalam ekosistem sebagai predator dan indikator lingkungan, namun juga dapat membahayakan manusia melalui gigitan berbisa. Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), kajian mengenai distribusi dan keanekaragaman ular berbisa masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan sebaran dan menganalisis keanekaragaman spesies ular berbisa di lima kabupaten di DIY. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei lapangan dan penggabungan data sekunder dari sumber terdokumentasi. Sebanyak 132 individu dari 14 spesies ular berbisa tercatat. Gunung Kidul menjadi wilayah dengan jumlah individu tertinggi (60), sedangkan Yogyakarta terendah (2). Keanekaragaman spesies tertinggi berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener terdapat di Gunung Kidul (H? = 1.90) dan terendah di Yogyakarta (H? = 0,69). Spesies yang paling melimpah adalah Trimeresurus albolabris. Variasi distribusi divisualisasikan dalam peta choropleth. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman ular berbisa di DIY cukup tinggi namun tidak merata. Temuan ini diharapkan mendukung upaya konservasi, edukasi, dan mitigasi risiko gigitan ular berbisa.

Venomous snakes play an important role in ecosystems as natural predators and environmental indicators, yet they can also pose health risks to humans through envenomation. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), studies on the distribution and diversity of venomous snakes remain limited. This study aims to map their distribution and analyze species diversity across five regencies in DIY. Data were collected through limited field surveys and compilation of documented secondary sources. A total of 132 individuals representing 14 venomous snake species were recorded. Gunung Kidul had the highest number of individuals (60), while Yogyakarta City had the lowest (2). The highest species diversity, based on the Shannon-Wiener index, was found in Gunung Kidul (H? = 1.90), and the lowest in Yogyakarta (H? = 0.69). The most abundant species was Trimeresurus albolabris. Spatial variation in distribution was visualized using choropleth maps. The results indicate that the diversity of venomous snakes in DIY is relatively high but unevenly distributed. These findings are expected to support efforts in conservation, public education, and risk mitigation related to venomous snakebites.

Kata Kunci : Ular berbisa, Keanekaragaman spesies, indeks Shannon-Wiener, Peta choropleth, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta