SINTESIS DAN OPTIMASI SUHU REAKSI SENYAWA ASAM-3-(3’-BROMO -4’-METOKSIFENIL)-2-PROPENOAT SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTARA AGEN ANTIKANKER KANDUNG KEMIH DENGAN METODE IRRADIASI GELOMBANG MIKRO (MICROWAVE)
Muhammad Hisyam, Prof. Dr. Ritmaleni, S.Si.
2025 | Skripsi | FARMASI
The compound
3-(3'-bromo-4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid is an initial intermediate that
is further synthesized into pyrazole derivatives with known anticancer
activity. The synthesis of pyrazole intermediates is typically conducted using
conventional methods, which are limited by inefficiencies in energy transfer,
difficulties in controlling reaction temperature, relatively long reaction
times, low product yields, complex instrumentation setups, and high solvent
consumption. Therefore, in this study, microwave irradiation is employed as an
alternative method to enhance reaction rates, increase product yields, and
improve energy and solvent efficiency. This approach provides a momentum for
researchers to synthesize and optimize the intermediate compound
3-(3'-bromo-4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid from malonic acid and
3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde using microwave-assisted synthesis, as a key
intermediate in anticancer agent development.
The synthesis
is carried out using malonic acid and 3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde as starting
materials, with pyridine as the catalyst, under microwave irradiation for 30
minutes. Temperature optimization is performed using three temperature
variations: 60°C, 65°C, and 70°C. The crude products are purified using ethyl
acetate and NaOH, and the purity is assessed through thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) and melting point determination. Yield percentages are calculated, and
structural elucidation is carried out using ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, GC-MS, and FTIR
spectroscopy.
The
synthesized compound 3-(3'-bromo-4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid obtained
from the three different temperature conditions exhibits similar organoleptic
properties: all yield an off-white solid with a characteristic but non-pungent
odor. The products are dissolved in methanol and eluted with an ethyl
acetate\:hexane (5:4 v/v) mobile phase. Among the three temperature variations,
synthesis at 60°C yields 94.55% with a melting point of 236.1–238.0°C,
synthesis at 65°C yields 95.16% with a melting point of 234.9–236.6°C, and
synthesis at 70°C yields 97.09% with a melting point of 235.8–237.4°C. Based on
these results, the optimal temperature for synthesizing
3-(3'-bromo-4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid is concluded to be 70°C, which
produces the highest yield and purity. The structure of the synthesized
compound is confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, GC-MS, and FTIR analysis, affirming
that the product is indeed 3-(3'-bromo-4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid.
Keywords: 3-(3’-bromo-4’-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic
acid, synthesis, anticancer, microwave
Kata Kunci : asam-3-(3’bromo-4’-metoksifenil)-2-propenoat, sintesis, antikanker, microwave