Keragaman Nucleolar Organizer Region dan Interstitial Telomeric Sequence Lima Spesies Cabai (Capsicum spp.)

Gala Arasy, Prof. Dr. Ir. Aziz Purwantoro, M.Sc.; Agus Budi Setiawan, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Pemuliaan Tanaman

Kajian kariomorfologi sebelumnya telah berhasil memetakan keragaman genetik cabai (Capsicum spp.). Meskipun demikian, diperlukan pendekatan sitogenetika yang lebih akurat untuk memperkuat hubungan kekerabatan cabai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi distribusi Nucleolar Organizer Region (NOR) pada fase metafase dan interfase, serta mengidentifikasi profil pita DNA Interstitial Telomeric Sequence (ITS) pada lima spesies cabai. Pendekatan sitologi dilakukan melalui metode pewarnaan perak (AgNO3), sedangkan analisis molekuler dilakukan berbasis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Data sitomolekuler yang diperoleh diintegrasikan menggunakan analisis klaster untuk mengonstruksi hubungan kekerabatan antarkultivar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rekonstruksi dendrogram berbasis pola pita DNA ITS yang didukung oleh idiogram NOR menghasilkan pola pengelompokan yang kongruen dengan sistem klasifikasi genus Capsicum. Kultivar dari spesies yang sama secara konsisten berada dalam satu kelompok. Klaster yang dimaksud adalah C. annuum (cv. Purple Pearl, Paten, dan Red Star), C. baccatum L. (cv. Bishop’s Crown dan Lemon Drop), C. chinense Jacq. (cv. Katokon Super dan Red Habanero Savina), C. frutescens L. (cv. Tiung dan Shypoon), serta C. pubescens R.&P. (cv. Gendot Bandung dan Gendot Dieng). Integrasi teknik sitologi dan marka molekuler ini terbukti efektif dan komprehensif dalam menegaskan batas taksonomi serta hubungan kekerabatan pada genus Capsicum.

Kata Kunci: Capsicum, Interstitial Telomeric Sequence, Nucleolar Organizer Region, sitogenetika molekuler

Previous karyomorphological studies have successfully mapped the genetic diversity of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.). Nevertheless, a more precise cytogenetic approach is required to strengthen their phylogenetic relationships. This study aims to characterize the distribution of Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) during the metaphase and interphase stages, and to identify the DNA banding profiles of Interstitial Telomeric Sequences (ITS) across five Capsicum species. The cytological approach was performed using silver staining (AgNO3), whereas the molecular analysis was based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The cytological and molecular data were integrated using cluster analysis to construct phylogenetic relationships among the cultivars. The results demonstrated that dendrogram reconstruction based on ITS DNA banding patterns, supported by NOR idiograms, yielded clustering patterns congruent with the classification system of the genus Capsicum. Cultivars from the same species were consistently grouped within the same cluster. The clusters comprised C. annuum (cv. Purple Pearl, Paten, and Red Star), C. baccatum L. (cv. Bishop’s Crown and Lemon Drop), C. chinense Jacq. (cv. Katokon Super and Red Habanero Savina), C. frutescens L. (cv. Tiung and Shypoon), and C. pubescens R.&P. (cv. Gendot Bandung and Gendot Dieng). The integration of cytological techniques and molecular markers proved to be effective and comprehensive in defining taxonomic boundaries and relationships within the genus Capsicum.

Keywords: Capsicum, Interstitial Telomeric Sequence, molecular cytogenetics, Nucleolar Organizer Region

Kata Kunci : Capsicum, Interstitial Telomeric Sequence, Nucleolar Organizer Region, sitogenetika molekuler