Kajian Lintas Seksional Resistansi Staphylococcus sp. Terhadap Penicillin pada Pasien Kucing di Klinik Hewan Kabupaten Sleman dan Kota Yogyakarta

Rifdah Wening Atriani, Dr. drh. Widagdo Sri Nugroho, M.P.

2025 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

     Staphylococcus sp. merupakan bakteri Gram positif dengan bentuk coccus dan memiliki diameter 0.8-1 µm yang sering diisolasi pada hewan maupun manusia. Staphylococcus sp. dianggap sebagai patogen penting yang menyebabkan infeksi penyakit pada hewan ataupun manusia. Infeksi bakteri seringkali dikaitkan dengan pengobatan antibiotik. Akan tetapi, penggunaan anntibiotik yang tidak rasional dan tepat dapat menimbulkan terjadinya resistansi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat resistansi Staphylococcus sp. terhadap antibiotik penicillin serta faktor risiko keberadaan Staphylococcus sp. dan resistansi Staphylococcus sp. terhadap penicillin pada pasien kucing di klinik hewan Kabupaten Sleman dan Kota Yogyakarta.

     Penelitian ini dilakukan mengggunakan jenis kajian lintas seksional dengan mengambil sampel swab rektum pasien kucing di klinik hewan Kabupaten Sleman dan Kota Yogyakarta sebanyak 160 sampel. Informasi data pasien kucing dan owner diperoleh dari hasil wawancara kuisioner yang berisikan pertanyaan berhubungan dengan faktor risiko keberadaan Staphylococcus sp. serta resistansi antibiotik. Isolasi dan identifikasi Staphylococcus sp. menggunakan Manitol Salt Agar (MSA), pewarnaan Gram, uji katalase, uji koagulase, uji Voges-Proskauer, dan uji gula (manitol). Uji sensitivitas Staphylococcus sp. terhadap penicillin dilakukan dengan teknik Kirby-bauer menggunakan Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) dan cakran antibiotik penicillin. Analisis data univariat secara statistik deskriptif dan bivariat menggunakan chi-square.

     Hasil penelitian diperoleh sampel sebanyak 160 dan isolat Staphylococcus sp. sebanyak 31,9% (51 sampel). Tingkat resistansi Staphylococcus sp. terhadap penicillin sebesar 88,2% (45 sampel resistan dari 51 isolat). Hasil penelitian ditemukan asosiasi yang signifikan antara bentuk interaksi menggendong (X2: 6,029; P: 0,014; OR : 0,272) dan memandikan kucing (X2 :5,740; P: 0,017; OR: 0,424) dengan keberadaan Staphylococcus sp. Faktor risiko mengenai data pemilik, interaksi pemilik dan hewan, informasi data hewan, manajemen pemeliharaan, riwayat kesehatan serta riwayat pemberian antibiotik tidak menunjukkan adanya asosiasi (p>0,05) dengan terjadinya resistansi terhadap pencillin. Pemberian penicillin sebagai antibiotik sebagai pengobatan infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus sp. sebaiknya dihindari untuk mencegah ketidakefektifan dalam proses pengobatan.

      Staphylococcus sp. is a Gram-positive bacterium with a coccus shape and a diameter of 0.8–1 µm, commonly isolated from both animals and humans. Staphylococcus sp. is considered an important pathogen that causes infectious diseases in animals and humans. Bacterial infections are often treated with antibiotics; however, irrational and improper use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. This study aims to determine the resistance level of Staphylococcus sp. to penicillin and to identify risk factors associated with the presence of Staphylococcus sp. and its resistance to penicillin in feline patients at veterinary clinics in Sleman and Yogyakarta.

      This research was conducted using a cross-sectional study design, with a total of 160 rectal swab samples collected from feline patients at veterinary clinics in Sleman and Yogyakarta. Data on feline patients and their owners were obtained through a questionnaire-based interview, which included questions related to risk factors for the presence of Staphylococcus sp. and antibiotic resistance. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus sp. were carried out using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Gram staining, catalase test, coagulase test, Voges-Proskauer test, and sugar fermentation (mannitol) test. The sensitivity test of Staphylococcus sp. to penicillin was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) with penicillin antibiotic discs. Univariate data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test.

      From a total of 160 samples, 31.9% (51 samples) were identified as Staphylococcus sp. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus sp. to penicillin was 88.2% (45 resistant isolates out of 51). A significant association was found between certain types of owner-cat interaction, specifically carrying (X2: 6,029; P: 0,014; OR : 0,272) and bathing (X2 :5,740; P: 0,017; OR: 0,424) the cat, and the presence of Staphylococcus sp. However, factors such as owner data, owner-animal interaction, animal data, husbandry management, health history, and antibiotic administration history did not show any significant association (p > 0.05) with resistance to penicillin. The use of penicillin as an antibiotic treatment for Staphylococcus sp. infections should be avoided to prevent ineffectiveness in the treatment process.

Kata Kunci : Kucing, klinik hewan, penicillin, resistansi, Staphylococcus sp./Cats, veterinary clinic, penicillin, resistance, Staphylococcus sp.