Persepsi Petani terhadap Serangan Tikus Sawah dan Keefektifan Perangkap serta Umpan Tikus di Kabupaten Sleman

Syahriza Aziz Narendra, Prof. Dr. Ir. Fransiscus Xaverius Wagiman, S.U.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Perangkap dan umpan tikus banyak diaplikasikan di gudang namun jarang diaplikasikan di sawah untuk pengendalian tikus sawah (Rattus argentiventer). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi petani tentang serangan tikus dan menentukan tipe perangkap dan macam umpan tikus yang efektif. Kajian dilakukan di Kalurahan Sumbersari, Kapanewon Moyudan, Kabupaten Sleman dalam bulan Desember 2024 hingga Maret 2025. Persepsi petani tentang serangan tikus dikaji dengan interview 30 responden yaitu petani padi di Kalurahan Sumbersari yang diambil dengan metode bola es. Data curah hujan dan luas serangan tikus di lokasi percobaan diambil dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika DIY serta Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah Balai Proteksi Tanaman Pertanian DIY. Rancangan percobaan faktorial RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) dua faktor dengan tiga kali ulangan yaitu tiga kali pemasangan perangkap atau umpan di lahan sawah percobaan yang sama. Kajian pertama adalah perangkap tikus; faktor pertama yaitu empat tipe perangkap (bubu, ember tipe 1, ember tipe 2, dan lem) dan faktor kedua yaitu posisi letak perangkap di petak sawah (utara, timur, selatan, dan barat). Kajian kedua adalah umpan tikus; faktor pertama yaitu enam jenis umpan rodentisida (bubuk kumatetralil 0,75% + gabah, bubuk seng fosfida 80% + gabah, balok brodifakum 0,005%, cair bromadiolon 0,5% + gabah, sereal bromadiolon 0,005%, dan sereal bromadiolon 0,005% + gabah) dan faktor kedua yaitu posisi letak perangkap di petak sawah (utara, timur, selatan, dan barat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi petani menunjukkan bahwa tikus sawah tetap menjadi ancaman signifikan, dengan tingkat serangan tertinggi terjadi pada musim kemarau. Sarang tikus banyak ditemukan di pematang sawah dan sebagian besar petani lebih memilih metode pengendalian berbasis rodentisida. Luas serangan tikus dipengaruhi sangat signifikan oleh dan berkorelasi negatif sangat kuat dengan curah hujan. Curah hujan selama penelitian berlangsung tinggi sehingga insiden serangan tikus rendah. Keefektifan perangkap bubu, ember tipe 1 dan ember tipe 2 relatif sama, masing-masing perangkap dapat menjebak tikus dalam 3 hari sebanyak 7, 4, dan 9 ekor sedangkan perangkap lem gagal menjebak tikus. Keefektifan kumatetralil 0,75% + gabah, seng fosfida 80% + gabah, brodifakum 0,005%, bromadiolon 0,5% + gabah dan bromadiolon 0,005% + gabah, relatif sama, masing masing mampu membunuh tikus sebanyak 7, 9, 5, 12, dan 7 ekor, sedangkan umpan bromadiolon 0,005% sama sekali tidak membunuh tikus. Arah (utara, timur, selatan, barat) posisi peletakan perangkap dan umpan tikus di petak sawah tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah tikus yang tertangkap atau mati karena umpan.

Traps and baits for rats are widely applied in warehouses but are rarely used in rice fields for controlling rice field rats (Rattus argentiventer). This study aims to understand farmers' perceptions of rat attacks and to determine the most effective types of traps and rat baits. The study was conducted in Sumbersari Village, Moyudan Sub-district, Sleman Regency from December 2024 to March 2025. Farmers’ perceptions of rat attacks were assessed through interviews with 30 respondents rice farmers in Sumbersari Village selected using the snowball sampling method. Rainfall data and rat attack area data in the study location were obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Yogyakarta Special Region and the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Plant Protection Agency of Yogyakarta. The experimental design used was a two-factor factorial RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications, represented by three trap or bait placements in the same rice field. The first study was on rat traps: the first factor consisted of four trap types (wire cage trap, bucket trap type 1, bucket trap type 2, and glue trap), and the second factor was the trap placement direction in the rice field (north, east, south, and west). The second study focused on rat baits: the first factor consisted of six rodenticide bait types (0.75% coumatetralyl powder + unhusked rice, 80% zinc phosphide powder + unhusked rice, 0.005% brodifacoum block, 0.5% bromadiolone liquid + unhusked rice, 0.005% bromadiolone cereal, and 0.005% bromadiolone cereal + unhusked rice), and the second factor was again the direction of placement in the rice field (north, east, south, and west). Results showed that farmers perceive rice field rats as a continuing major threat, with the highest attack intensity occurring during the dry season. Rat nests were mostly found along rice field embankments, and the majority of farmers preferred rodenticide-based control methods. The rat attack area was significantly affected and strongly negatively correlated with rainfall. Due to high rainfall during the study period, rat attack incidence was low. The effectiveness of wire cage traps, bucket trap type 1, and bucket trap type 2 was relatively similar, capturing 7, 4, and 9 rats respectively within three days, while glue traps failed to catch any rats. The effectiveness of 0.75% coumatetralyl + rice, 80% zinc phosphide + rice, 0.005% brodifacoum, 0.5% bromadiolone + rice, and 0.005% bromadiolone + rice was also relatively similar, killing 7, 9, 5, 12, and 7 rats respectively, while 0.005% bromadiolone cereal alone did not kill any rats. The placement direction (north, east, south, west) of traps and baits in the rice field had no effect on the number of rats caught or killed.

Kata Kunci : padi, perangkap, sawah, tikus, umpan, bait, paddy, rat, rice field, traps