HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA TENTANG PENYAKIT PNEUMONIA DAN IMUNISASI PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE (PCV) DENGAN PENERIMAAN PCV DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

Ghofur Hariyono, Sri Hartini, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kes., Ph.D.; Ayyu Sandhi, S.Kep., Ns., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Magister Keperawatan

Latar Belakang: Pneumonia masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada bayi dan balita di Indonesia. Keputusan orang tua dalam memberikan imunisasi Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) pada anak dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengetahuan dan penerimaan, serta faktor karakteristik sosiodemografi dan pengalaman tentang penyakit pneumonia dan imunisasi PCV.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan orang tua tentang penyakit pneumonia dan imunisasi PCV dengan penerimaan PCV di Kabupaten Sleman.

Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan pada 288 orang tua bayi usia 0-2 tahun di 28 Posyandu di Kabupaten Sleman. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan dan penerimaan imunisasi PCV. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik sosiodemografi, pengalaman, pengetahuan, dan penerimaan orang tua. Uji Spearman’s Rho digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, usia, dan pendidikan dengan penerimaan. Uji Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan, dan pengalaman dengan penerimaan. Regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk menilai pengaruh variabel pengetahuan, pendidikan, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan, pengalaman terhadap penerimaan.

Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan penerimaan imunisasi PCV (p = 0,003; r = 0,173). Selain itu, ditemukan pula hubungan antara pendidikan, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan, dan pengalaman orang tua dengan penerimaan PCV. 73,6% orang tua memiliki pengetahuan baik tentang pneumonia dan imunisasi PCV. Penerimaan positif dalam hal persepsi keparahan dan beban pneumonia, manfaat vaksin, biaya, kesediaan imunisasi dan sosialisasi PCV. Pengetahuan paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan imunisasi PCV.

Kesimpulan: Semakin baik pengetahuan orang tua dari anak usia 0-2 tahun tentang penyakit pneumonia dan imunisasi PCV, maka semakin positif penerimaan terhadap imunisasi PCV. Pemanfaatan media sosial dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap imunisasi PCV.

Background: Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of death among infants and young children in Indonesia. Parents' decisions to vaccinate their children with the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) are influenced by their level of knowledge and acceptance, as well as sociodemographic characteristics and experiences with pneumonia and PCV immunization.

Objective: To determine the relationship between parental knowledge of pneumonia and PCV immunization and the acceptance of the PCV in Sleman.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 288 parents of infants aged 0–2 years at 28 Posyandu (integrated health service posts) in Sleman Regency. Data were collected using a questionnaire on knowledge and acceptance of PCV immunization. Descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the socio demographic characteristics, experiences, knowledge, and acceptance of parents. The Spearman's Rho test was used to analyse the relationship of knowledge, age, and education with acceptance. The Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the relationship between gender, occupation, health insurance ownership, and experience with acceptance. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the influence of the variables of knowledge, education, health insurance ownership, and experience on acceptance.

Results: There was a significant relationship between knowledge and acceptance of PCV immunization (p = 0.003; r = 0.173). In addition, a relationship was found between education, health insurance ownership, and parental experience with PCV acceptance. 73.6% of parents had good knowledge about pneumonia and PCV immunization. Positive acceptance in terms of perception of the severity and burden of pneumonia, vaccine benefits, costs, willingness to immunize, and PCV socialization. Knowledge has the most dominant influence on PCV acceptance.

Conclusion: The better parents' knowledge of children aged 0-2 years about pneumonia and PCV, the more positive their acceptance of PCV immunization. Social media can be used to optimize public acceptance of PCV immunization.

Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Penerimaan, Pneumonia, Imunisasi PCV