Kajian Morfologi Polinia, Mikromorfologi Polen, dan Analisa Fenetik Sepuluh Spesies Anggrek Alam di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Malichah Fasya Umami, Prof. Dr. Ratna Susandarini, M. Sc.
2025 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI
Palinologi merupakan studi terkait polen, spora, dan materi palinomorfik baik yang masih segar maupun fosil. Karakter morfologis polen menjadi salah satu bukti taksonomi penting yang diterapkan pada berbagai kategori mulai dari spesies hingga famili. Kajian palinologi sebagai bagian dari kajian Sistematika Tumbuhan masih terbatas. Anggrek (Orchidaceae) dikenal akan keanekaragamannya yang luar biasa, dengan polinia sebagai struktur khas yang berperan penting dalam penyerbukan dan klasifikasi taksonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan keragaman morfologi polinia dan mikromorfologi polen serta analisis fenetik sepuluh spesies anggrek alam di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), yaitu Acriopsis liliifolia, Bryobium hyacinthoides, Coelogyne speciosa, Dendrobium capra, Dendrobium crumenatum, Dendrobium mutabile, Dendrobium secundum, Phaius tankervilleae, Spathoglottis plicata, dan Vanda tricolor. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan mikromorfologi diamati dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa polinia anggrek memiliki variasi karakter morfologi polinia (jumlah, bentuk, ukuran polar dan ekuatorial, konsistensi) dan mikromorfologi polen (ornamentasi seperti psilat-rugulat, skabrat, verukat, dan tipe apertura). Analisis fenetik berdasarkan karakter polinia mengelompokkan spesies sesuai dengan kesamaan morfologi, seperti pengelompokan Dendrobium dan pemisahan spesies terestrial Phaius tankervilleae dan Spathoglottis plicata. Kunci determinasi juga berhasil disusun, menunjukkan potensi karakter polinia sebagai alat identifikasi. Data ini memperkaya informasi tentang keanekaragaman anggrek dan berpotensi mendukung upaya konservasi di DIY.
Palynology is the scientific study of pollen, spores, and palynomorphic materials, both in their fresh state and in fossilised form. The morphology of pollen is of significant taxonomic value and is applied across various categories, from species to family. The study of palynology as part of plant systematics research remains limited. The Orchidaceae family is renowned for its high level of biodiversity, with pollinia serving as a distinctive structure that is essential for both pollination and taxonomic classification. The objective of this research was to document the morphological study of pollinia, micromorphology of pollen, and phenetic analysis among ten orchid species found in the Special Region Of Yogyakarta (DIY), Acriopsis liliifolia, Bryobium hyacinthoides, Coelogyne speciosa, Dendrobium capra, Dendrobium crumenatum, Dendrobium mutabile, Dendrobium secundum, Phaius tankervilleae, Spathoglottis plicata, and Vanda tricolor. Morphological observations were conducted using light microscopy, while micromorphological details were examined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results of the study demonstrate that orchid pollinia exhibit variations in a number of morphological study of pollinia characteristics, including the number, shape, polar and equatorial dimensions, and consistency. In addition, the micromorphological of the pollen varies, with respect to ornamentation, such as psilate-rugulate, scabrate, verrucate, and aperture type. phenetic analysis, based on these pollinia characteristics, grouped the species according to morphological similarities, evident in the clustering of Dendrobium species and the distinct separation of terrestrial species Phaius tankervilleae and Spathoglottis plicata. A taxonomic key was also successfully constructed, demonstrating the potential of pollinia characteristics as an identification tool. This data enhances existing knowledge the information on orchid diversity and holds potential to support conservation efforts in DIY.
Kata Kunci : Orchidaceae, Ornamentasi, SEM
