Prarancangan Pabrik Polivinil Asetat dari Asam Asetat dengan Kapasitas 25.000 Ton/Tahun
Rizky Angga Maulana, Ir. Rr. Wahyu Hasokowati, M.A.Sc., IPM.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Polivinil asetat (PVAc) merupakan salah satu polimer sintetik yang banyak
digunakan dalam industri perekat, pelapis, dan bahan bangunan karena sifat
adhesifnya yang baik dan kestabilan kimianya. Prarancangan pabrik polivinil asetat
memerlukan bahan baku utama asam asetat dan etilen untuk memproduksi vinil
asetat monomer (VAM) yang kemudian akan melalui proses polimerisasi emulsi.
Pabrik direncanakan memiliki kapasitas produksi sebesar 25.000 ton/tahun dan
berlokasi di kawasan industri Cilegon, dengan pertimbangan ketersediaan bahan
baku, infrastruktur, dan potensi bencana.
Proses produksi terdiri dari beberapa tahap utama, yaitu sintesis vinil asetat
dari asam asetat dan etilen, pemurnian vinil asetat, dan proses polimerisasi emulsi
untuk menghasilkan polivinil asetat. Reaksi utama berlangsung pada kondisi suhu
50°C dan tekanan 1 atm dalam reaktor semi-batch dengan inisiasi radikal bebas
menggunakan inisiator potasium persulfat.
Pabrik polivinil asetat beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari per tahun
dengan waktu operasi 24 jam per hari. Proses persiapan bahan baku menggunakan
reagen utama berupa CH2CH2 99,95% sebanyak 65.309 ton/tahun, CH3COOH
99,8% sebanyak 26.727,3230 ton/tahun, VAM sebanyak 12.525 ton/tahun dan
bahan pengemulsi seperti polivinil alkohol sebanyak 1.318 ton/tahun. Penunjang
proses meliputi kebutuhan air make-up sebesar 7.161,35 m³/hari, listrik 32,47 MW,
dan air pendingin sebesar 100,10 m³/jam.
Pabrik dirancang dengan estimasi kebutuhan fixed capital sebesar US$
39.941.432,07 dan Rp109.232.742.253,33 dengan luas tanah sebesar 20.000 m2
serta working capital sebesar US$ 4.512.427,28 dan Rp7.375.735.079,70. Hasil
analisis ekonomi menunjukkan profit bersih sebesar US$ 11.972.314,15 dengan
ROI setelah pajak sebesar 28,79?n Pay Out Time selama 2,65 tahun. Selain itu,
nilai Break Even Point tercatat sebesar 55,58%, Shut Down Point sebesar 24,12%,
dan DCFRR sebesar 32,06%.
Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is a synthetic polymer widely used in the adhesive,
coating, and construction industries due to its excellent adhesive properties and
chemical stability. This preliminary plant design focuses on the production of PVAc
using acetic acid and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) as the main raw materials
through an emulsion polymerization process. The plant is designed with a
production capacity of 25,000 tons per year and is planned to be located in the
Banten industrial area, East Java, considering the availability of raw materials,
supporting infrastructure, and low disaster risk.
The production process consists of several key stages, including the
synthesis of vinyl acetate from acetic acid and ethylene, purification of vinyl
acetate, and emulsion polymerization to produce polyvinyl acetate. The main
polymerization reaction is carried out at 50°C and 1 atm in a batch reactor with
free radical initiation using initiators such as pottasium persuflfate.
The main raw materials required are ethylene (CH?=CH?, 99.93%) at
65,309 tons/year, acetic acid (CH?COOH, 99.8%) at 26,727.32 tons/year, and VAM
at 12,525 tons/year, along with polyvinyl alcohol as the emulsifier at 1,318
tons/year. Supporting utilities include make-up water of 7,161.35 m³/day, electrical
energy of 32.47 MW, and cooling water of 100.1 m³/hour. The plant is designed to
operate continuously for 330 days per year, 24 hours per day.
The estimated fixed capital investment is US$ 39,941,432.07 and
Rp109,232,742,253.33, occupying a land area of 20.000 m², the working capital is
US$ 4,512,427.28 and Rp7,375,735,079.70 per year. Economic analysis shows a
net profit of US$ 11.972.314,15 per year, a post-tax ROI of 28,79%, and a Pay Out
Time (POT) of 2,65 years. The Break Even Point (BEP) is calculated at 55,58%,
the Shut Down Point (SDP) at 24,12%, and the Discounted Cash Flow Rate of
Return (DCFRR) at 32,06%.
Kata Kunci : Keywords: polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate monomer, emulsion polymerization, economic feasibility