Evaluasi Program BSPS untuk Penanganan Rumah Tidak Layak Huni bagi Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah di Kabupaten Gunungkidul (Kasus: Kalurahan Kedungkeris)
Aprilia Eka Saputri, Ir. Deva Fosterharoldas Swasto, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM
2025 | Skripsi | PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA
Salah satu tantangan yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang ada pada masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah yang masih banyak menghuni rumah tidak layak huni. Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Indonesia tahun 2023, persentase rumah tangga yang dengan hunian yang layak baru mencapai 63,15?n 36,85% keluarga di Indonesia masih belum bisa menempati rumah yang memenuhi standar layak untuk dihuni. Meskipun pemerintah telah berupaya menunjukkan keseriusan penanganan rumah tidak layak huni melalui program BSPS, masih banyak kendala yang dihadapi, seperti masyarakat yang tidak bersedia melakukan swadaya, kepemilikan tanah yang bukan milik sendiri, dan yang lainnya. Menariknya, jika dilihat dari jumlah penerima bantuan program BSPS di Kalurahan Kedungkeris ini terbilang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan kalurahan lain. Hal ini mengindikasikan tingginya kemauan masyarakat untuk berswadaya sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi capaian pelaksanaan BSPS di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, tepatnya di Kalurahan Kedungkeris untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi capaian dari pelaksanaan Program BSPS ini.
Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deduktif dengan pendekatan metode kualitatif. Data primer yang diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sementara data sekunder diperoleh lewat studi literatur dan dokumen. Unit analisisnya adalah proses dan hasil dari program BSPS, kepala keluarga penerima bantuan program BSPS dan pelaksana Program BSPS.. Unit amatannya berupa variabel evaluasi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi dan capaian dari program BSPS.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa capaian Program BSPS di Kalurahan Kedungkeris tercapai bahkan mendekati optimal, dengan kuota terpakai maksimal dan peningkatan kualitas rumah menjadi layak huni. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan program meliputi: (1) komunikasi yang efektif melalui sosialisasi berjenjang dan peran aktor lokal, (2) ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, finansial, dan material dan informasi, (3) dukungan masyarakat berupa kesiapan menerima program dan komitmen, (4) modal finansial berupa swadaya, (5) modal sosial seperti budaya gotong royong, serta (6) Informasi yang tepat dan mudah diterima. Namun, ditemukan beberapa tantangan, seperti ketidakseragaman pemahaman informasi dan kebutuhan swadaya yang melebihi estimasi awal.
One of the challenges faced by developing countries is the low-income communities that still inhabit uninhabitable houses. Data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Indonesia in 2023 shows that the percentage of households with decent housing has only reached 63.15%, and 36.85% of families in Indonesia still cannot occupy houses that meet the decent living standards. Although the government has made efforts to demonstrate its seriousness in addressing uninhabitable houses through the BSPS program, there are still many obstacles faced, such as the community's unwillingness to contribute their own resources, land ownership not being in their name, and others. Interestingly, when viewed from the number of BSPS program aid recipients in Kedungkeris Village, it is quite high compared to other village. This indicates a high willingness of the community to contribute their own resources, thus an evaluation of the implementation achievements of the BSPS program in Gunungkidul Regency, specifically in Kedungkeris Village, to identify the factors influencing the achievements of this BSPS program implementation.
The method used is a deductive method with a qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through field observations, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained through literature studies and documents. The unit of analysis is the process and outcomes of the BSPS program, the heads of households receiving BSPS program assistance, and the implementers of the BSPS program. The observational units consist of evaluation variables and factors influencing the implementation and achievements of the BSPS program.
The research results indicate that the achievements of the BSPS program in Kalurahan Kedungkeris were reached and even approached optimal levels, with maximum quota utilization and an improvement in the quality of houses to make them habitable. Factors influencing the success of the program include: (1) effective communication through tiered socialization and the role of local actors, (2) availability of human, financial, material, and informational resources, (3) community support in the form of readiness to accept the program and commitment, (4) financial capital in the form of self-funding, (5) social capital such as the culture of mutual assistance, and (6) accurate and easily accessible information. However, several challenges were found, such as the inconsistency in understanding information and the self-help needs exceeding initial estimates.
Kata Kunci : Bantuan Stimulan Perumahan Swadaya (BSPS), Evaluasi, Kalurahan Kedungkeris, Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR), Rumah Tidak Layak Huni (RTLH).
