Perbedaan Perilaku Pengasuhan Ibu dan Perkembangan Anak Stunting dan Non-Stunting Usia 12-36 Bulan di Kecamatan Minggir, Sleman

Nafiah Nurmahardika, Lely Lusmilasari, S.Kp., M.Kes., Ph.D ; Yayuk Hartriyanti, S.K.M., M.Kes

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan linear yang berdampak signifikan pada periode emas perkembangan anak yaitu usia tiga tahun pertama. Stunting berisiko terhadap keterlambatan perkembangan anak dalam aspek motorik, kognitif, bahasa, dan sosialisasi kemandirian. Kualitas tumbuh kembang anak ditentukan secara langsung oleh perilaku pengasuhan ibu. Perbedaan perilaku pengasuhan dan perkembangan pada anak stunting dan non-stunting perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. 

Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan perilaku pengasuhan ibu dan perkembangan anak stunting dan non-stunting.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan rancangan case control pada bulan Mei 2025 dengan sampel sebanyak 78 responden yang terbagi menjadi 39 anak stunting dan 39 anak non-stunting usia 12-36 bulan di Kecamatan Minggir. Pengambilan data secara consecutive sampling menggunakan kuesioner perilaku pengasuhan ibu oleh Lusmilasari et al. (2022) yang dimodifikasi dan kuesioner pra skrining perkembangan (KPSP) yang dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan nilai odds ratio.

Hasil: Sebanyak 56,4% kelompok stunting memiliki perilaku pengasuhan cukup dan 66,7% kelompok non-stunting memiliki perilaku pengasuhan baik. Sebanyak 53,8% kelompok stunting memiliki perkembangan tidak sesuai dan 76,9% kelompok non-stunting memiliki perkembangan sesuai. Terdapat perbedaan perilaku pengasuhan ibu (p = 0,040, OR = 2,588) dan perbedaan perkembangan anak (p = 0,005, OR = 3,889).

Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan perilaku pengasuhan ibu pada anak stunting dan non-stunting, perilaku pengasuhan cukup dapat meningkatkan risiko stunting. Terdapat perbedaan perkembangan pada anak stunting dan non-stunting, stunting dapat meningkatkan risiko terhadap perkembangan yang tidak sesuai. 

Background: Stunting is a linear growth disorder that has a significant impact on the golden period of child development, namely the first three years of age. Stunting is at risk of delaying child development in motor, cognitive, language, and socialization of independence aspects. The quality of child growth and development is directly determined by maternal parenting behavior. Differences in parenting behavior and development in stunted and non-stunted children need to be studied further.

Objective: To determine the differences in maternal parenting behavior and development of stunted and non-stunted children.

Method: This study used a quantitative approach and a case-control design in May 2025 with a sample of 78 respondents divided into 39 stunted children and 39 non-stunted children aged 12-36 months in Minggir District. Data collection by consecutive sampling using a modified maternal parenting behavior questionnaire by Lusmilasari et al. (2022) and a pre-screening development questionnaire (KPSP) which was declared valid and reliable. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and odds ratio values.

Results: A total of 56.4% of the stunting group had unadequate parenting behavior and 66.7% of the non-stunting group had good parenting behavior. A total of 53.8% of the stunting group had inappropriate development and 76.9% of the non-stunting group had appropriate development. There were differences in maternal parenting behavior (p = 0,040, OR = 2,588) and differences in child development (p = 0,005, OR = 3,889).

Conclusion: There are differences in maternal parenting behavior in stunted and non-stunted children, unadequate parenting behavior can increase the risk of stunting. There are differences in development in stunted and non-stunted children, stunting can increase the risk of inappropriate development.

Kata Kunci : batita, perilaku pengasuhan ibu, perkembangan anak, stunting