Prarancangan Pabrik Bioavtur dari Minyak Jelantah dengan Kapasitas 10.000 Ton (80.000 Barrel)/Tahun
Zidane Aiman Muhammad Bintang, Ir. Muhammad Mufti Azis, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Used cooking oil (UCO) is an abundant domestic waste that has yet to be optimally utilized. To support the energy transition and promote sustainable waste management, a bio-aviation fuel (bioavtur) plant is designed using UCO as the primary feedstock, with a production capacity of 10,000 tons/year. The establishment of this plant aligns with the Government of Indonesia’s roadmap, which targets a 2.5% bioavtur blending in the national aviation fuel mix by 2030.
The plant is planned to begin construction in 2028 and commence operation in 2030. It will be located in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, covering a land area of 82,900 m². The site was selected due to its proximity to the Serayu River, which has a water discharge of 3,000 m3/s—sufficient to meet the water demand for electrolysis and other plant needs. In addition, its location near Pertamina Refinery Unit IV Cilacap opens opportunities for strategic collaboration in blending bioavtur with conventional aviation fuel as part of the national distribution chain.
The main processes utilized in the plant include hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking, which convert used cooking oil into high-value fuel fractions. These reactions require hydrogen, which is produced via water electrolysis consuming 19 MW of electricity. An additional 32.6 MW is needed to support other plant operations. The production process requires 66,800 tons/year of UCO and 19,800 tons/year of water. The plant is expected to produce three main products: 10,000 tons/year of bioavtur, 20,000 tons/year of green diesel, and 10,000 tons/year of green naphtha. Operations will be supported by 64 personnel, working in four shifts of 16 people each—10 for processing and 6 for utilities.
This plant is classified as a high-risk facility as it is the first bio-aviation fuel (bioavtur) plant in Indonesia utilizing HEFA technology and operates under high temperature and pressure conditions. Based on the economic calculations, a high-risk plant requires a break-even point (BEP) in the range of 40–60%, a rate of return (RO) of 24–32%, and a discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFRR) of 1.5 times the bank loan interest rate. The plant will be constructed with an estimated fixed capital of USD 20.79 million + IDR 287.29 billion and working capital of USD 7.95 million + IDR 94.86 billion. Based on economic analysis, the project yields a Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) of 28.50%, primarily influenced by product sales. The payback period before tax is 2.24 years, with a Return on Investment (ROI) of 35.59%. Furthermore, the Break-Even Point (BEP) is 41.57%, and the Shut Down Point (SDP) is 23.51%. Hence, based on the economic evaluations, this preliminary plant design is attractive for further evaluation.
Kata Kunci : Bioavtur, Minyak Jelantah, Proses HEFA