Analisis Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi Penghuni dan Kualitas Lingkungan Permukiman Kumuh di Kelurahan Gedongkiwo Kecamatan Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta

Luthfiana Putri, Ratih Fitria Putri, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Permukiman kumuh merupakan isu strategis dalam penataan ruang kota di Indonesia akibat adanya kecenderungan peningkatan luasan kawasan kumuh. Fenomena ini dapat terjadi karena adanya pembangunan permukiman tanpa perencanaan yang matang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan hunian, terutama yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah. Kota Yogyakarta termasuk wilayah yang menghadapi permasalahan permukiman kumuh dengan luas kawasan kumuh mencapai 114,7 ha menurut Surat Keputusan (SK) Walikota Yogyakarta No. 158 Tahun 2021. Salah satu kecamatan di Kota Yogyakarta yang memiliki permasalahan terkait permukiman kumuh adalah Kecamatan Mantrijeron, khususnya Kelurahan Gedongkiwo yang tercatat memiliki luasan kumuh tertinggi mencapai 15,34 ha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi penghuni, menilai kualitas lingkungan permukiman kumuh, serta menganalisis faktor sosial ekonomi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas lingkungan permukiman kumuh di Kelurahan Gedongkiwo. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan statistik, termasuk skoring, uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ordinal. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner pada sampel rumah tangga yang ditentukan secara proportional random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anggota rumah tangga, pendidikan terakhir kepala keluarga, dan pendapatan rumah tangga merupakan faktor paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas lingkungan permukiman. Rumah tangga berpendapatan

Slum settlements have become a strategic issue in urban spatial planning in Indonesia due to the increasing trend in the extent of slum areas. This phenomenon is often caused by unplanned housing developments, especially by low-income communities, to meet their housing needs. Yogyakarta City is one of the regions facing slum settlement problems, with a total slum area reaching 114.7 hectares, according to Yogyakarta Mayor’s Decree No. 158 of 2021. Mantrijeron Sub District, particularly Gedongkiwo Urban Village, was recorded as having the largest remaining slum area reaching 15.34 hectares. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic characteristics of slum residents, assess the environmental quality of slum settlements, and analyze the most influential socioeconomic factors affecting settlement quality in Gedongkiwo. This research adopts a quantitative approach using descriptive and statistical analysis, including scoring, chi-square tests, and ordinal logistic regression. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to household samples selected by proportional random sampling. The findings reveal that household size, the head of household’s education level, and total household income are the most influential factors in determining settlement quality. Households earning less than IDR 1,500,000 per month tend to live in more degraded environments, with a significance value of 0,007. In addition, larger household size and lower education levels of household heads also contribute significantly with significance values of 0,012 and 0,046. These findings emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to slum management that considers not only focuses on physical infrastructure conditions but also addresses the socioeconomic conditions of the community.

Kata Kunci : Kualitas Lingkungan, Permukiman Kumuh, Sosial Ekonomi