Analisis Siklus Hidup Obyek Wisata Pantai Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

MUHAMMAD RAHMAN MAULANA, Ir. Agam Marsoyo, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Pariwisata memegang peranan strategis dalam pembangunan ekonomi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), dengan wisata pantai sebagai salah satu pilar utamanya. Tersebar di wilayah pesisir selatan Gunungkidul, Bantul, dan Kulon Progo, sebanyak 55 pantai telah diidentifikasi dalam RIPPARDA DIY 2012–2025 sebagai destinasi potensial. Namun, tidak semua mengalami perkembangan seragam; sebagian tumbuh pesat, sementara lainnya stagnan atau menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tahapan perkembangan destinasi wisata pantai berdasarkan model Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) serta mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi dinamika tersebut. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan melalui metode Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) untuk mengelompokkan destinasi berdasarkan tingkat kematangannya, dengan penentuan tahap TALC dilakukan secara deskriptif terhadap indikator dalam definisi operasional. Analisis difokuskan pada empat variabel utama 4A: Attraction, Accessibility, Amenity, dan Ancillary Services. Data rasio diperoleh melalui survei primer dan sekunder, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan IBM SPSS v25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa destinasi pantai di DIY terbagi dalam lima tahap perkembangan: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, dan stagnation. Karakteristik tiap tahap dipengaruhi oleh keberagaman daya tarik wisata, tingkat aksesibilitas, serta kelengkapan fasilitas. Daya tarik alam dan budaya, kualitas infrastruktur jalan dan transportasi, serta penyediaan amenitas seperti akomodasi dan layanan publik terbukti menjadi faktor kunci dalam membentuk pola perkembangan destinasi. 

Tourism plays a strategic role in the economic development of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), with coastal tourism serving as one of its main pillars. Spread across the southern coastal regions of Gunungkidul, Bantul, and Kulon Progo, 55 beaches have been identified in the DIY Regional Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPPARDA) 2012–2025 as potential tourist destinations. However, the development of these destinations is uneven—some have grown rapidly, while others remain stagnant or are experiencing decline. This study aims to identify the developmental stages of beach tourism destinations using the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model and to describe the key factors influencing their dynamics. A quantitative approach was employed using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) to classify destinations based on maturity levels, while the identification of TALC stages was conducted descriptively using operationally defined indicators. The analysis focused on four key variables derived from the 4A framework: Attraction, Accessibility, Amenity, and Ancillary Services. Ratio-scale data were collected from primary and secondary surveys and analyzed using IBM SPSS. The results show that beach destinations in DIY are distributed across five stages of development: exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, and stagnation. Each stage is characterized by varying levels of tourist appeal, accessibility, and facility availability. Natural and cultural attractions, road and transport infrastructure quality, and the availability of amenities such as accommodation and public services are found to be key factors shaping the developmental patterns of these destination.

Kata Kunci : pantai, pengembangan, mendeskripsikan