KAJIAN DAYA DUKUNG LAHAN PERTANIAN DAN KETERSEDIAAN PANGAN DI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO

Irma Pujiastuti, Surani Hasanati, S.Si., M.Sc.

2025 | Skripsi | PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Kabupaten Sukoharjo merupakan salah satu lumbung padi nasional yang memiliki potensi besar dalam penyediaan pangan, khususnya beras. Namun, peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan perkembangan wilayah yang pesat mendorong alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi non-pertanian yang berpotensi menurunkan daya dukung lahan serta mengancam ketersediaan pangan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:

(1) mengetahui kondisi daya dukung lahan pertanian dan ketersediaan pangan berupa beras di Kabupaten Sukoharjo tahun 2018–2023, (2) menganalisis hubungan antara daya dukung lahan pertanian dan ketersediaan pangan, serta (3) menyusun arahan kebijakan terkait daya dukung lahan pertanian serta pemenuhan pangan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dari BPS serta Dinas Pertanian dan Perikanan Kabupaten Sukoharjo dengan unit analisis 12 kecamatan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan formula dari teori Odum, Howard, dan Issard untuk menghitung daya dukung lahan pertanian, serta rumus dari Badan Ketahanan Pangan (2021) untuk menghitung ketersediaan beras. Teknik analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis matematis, statistik (uji korelasi Spearman), spasial (pemetaan menggunakan ArcGIS), dan tipologi wilayah.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai daya dukung lahan pertanian dan ketersediaan pangan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo mengalami fluktuasi selama periode 2018–2023. Sebagian besar kecamatan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo sudah mampu swasembada pangan dan ketersediaan pangannya surplus. Terdapat kecamatan dengan nilai daya dukung < 1>

Sukoharjo Regency is one of Indonesia’s national rice barns with great potential in food production, particularly rice. However, rapid population growth and regional development have led to the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural uses, which may reduce the land's carrying capacity and threaten local food availability. This study aims to: (1) assess the condition of agricultural land carrying capacity and rice availability in Sukoharjo Regency from 2018 to 2023,

(2) analyze the relationship between agricultural land carrying capacity and food availability, and (3) formulate policy recommendations related to agricultural land carrying capacity and food provision in Sukoharjo Regency.

This research uses a descriptive quantitative method with secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries of Sukoharjo Regency, covering 12 sub-districts as the unit of analysis. The analysis applies formulas from the theories of Odum, Howard, and Issard to calculate agricultural land carrying capacity, and the formula from the National Food Security Agency (2021) to calculate rice availability. Analytical techniques include mathematical analysis, statistical analysis (Spearman correlation test), spatial analysis (mapping using ArcGIS), and regional typology classification.

The results show that both agricultural land carrying capacity and food availability in Sukoharjo Regency fluctuated during the 2018–2023 period. Most sub-districts have achieved food self-sufficiency with surplus rice availability. However, two sub- districts—Grogol and Kartasura—had a carrying capacity value of less than 1, indicating an inability to achieve food self-sufficiency. The correlation test showed a positive relationship between land carrying capacity and food availability. The resulting policy recommendations are classified based on regional typologies into three types, including policies on protecting productive agricultural land, controlling land conversion, and increasing productivity through agricultural intensification.

Kata Kunci : Daya Dukung Lahan Pertanian, Ketersediaan Pangan, Kabupaten Sukoharjo