Prarancangan Pabrik Asam Nitrat dari Gas Alam dan Udara Kapasitas 70.000 Ton/Tahun
Christian Arjuna Wahyu Prabowo Handoko, Dr. Joko Wintoko, S.T., M.Sc.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Indonesia, as an agrarian country, relies on the agricultural sector, which requires support in the form of production facilities such as fertilizers. Nitric acid (HNO?) is an important raw material in the fertilizer industry, as well as being used in the military and metal processing industries. To meet domestic demand, a nitric acid plant based on natural gas and air has been designed, using a process that converts natural gas into ammonia, followed by the Ostwald process to produce HNO?. The plant is planned to be in Gresik Regency, East Java, with a nitric acid production capacity of 70,000 tons/year and a by-product of ammonia amounting to 330,000tons/year.
The production process begins with the purification of natural gas through the feed gas treating stage, reforming unit, shift converter, purification, synthesis loop, and finally ammonia. Ammonia is then used as raw material in the production of nitric acid. The ammonia is oxidized into nitrogen oxide (NO) using a Gauze reactor with a Pt-Rh catalyst. Subsequently, nitrogen dioxide is oxidized into nitrogen oxide (NO?). The nitrogen oxide is then directed to an absorber where it reacts with air to produce HNO? with a concentration of 68%. To obtain a pure and colourless product, a bleaching stage is conducted to remove dissolved NOx gases. The plant is equipped with a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) system to reduce CO? emissions by injecting it into oil and gas wells.
Water requirements for the process are sourced from the Brantas River, and electricity needs are supplied by PT PLN Gresik. The nitric acid plant using natural gas and ammonia has an economic lifespan of 16 years, producing nitric acid and ammonia. The plant was established with a total fixed capital of $164.350.363,71 and generates an annual pre-tax profit of $76.421.611,05. Based on profitability analysis, the plant has an ROI of 46,50%, POT of 1.71 years, BEP of 40.35%, SDP of 25.12%, and DCFRR of 37,40%. Therefore, the plant is attractive and worthwhile to invest in.
Kata Kunci : asam nitrat, gas alam, amonia, udara