KAJIAN LINTAS SEKSIONAL RESISTANSI Staphylococcus sp. TERHADAP AMPICILLIN PADA PASIEN KUCING DI KLINIK HEWAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN DAN KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Febiani Nurul Khotimah, Dr. drh. Widagdo Sri Nugroho, M.P.

2025 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Staphylococcus sp. merupakan bakteri Gram positif berbentuk coccus yang tersusun berpasangan, berkelompok menyerupai buah anggur. Bakteri ini umumnya dikenal sebagai bakteri patogen oportunistik yang sering menginfeksi hewan dan manusia. Infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri biasanya ditangani dengan pemberian antibiotik. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat memicu terjadinya resistansi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat resistansi serta menganalisis faktor risiko keberadaan dan resistansi Staphylococcus sp. terhadap Ampicillin pada pasien kucing di klinik hewan Kabupaten Sleman dan Kota Yogyakarta.

Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian lintas seksional dengan 160 sampel ulas rektum pasien kucing di Klinik Hewan Kabupaten Sleman dan Kota Yogyakarta. Data pasien kucing dan pemiliknya diperoleh melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang berisikan pertanyaan terkait faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan keberadaan Staphylococcus sp. serta resistansinya terhadap antibiotik. Isolasi dan identifikasi Staphylococcus sp. dilakukan menggunakan media Mannitol Salt Agar, pengecatan Gram, serta uji biokimia seperti uji katalase, koagulase, Voges-Proskauer, dan fermentasi manitol. Pengujian sensitivitas Staphylococcus sp. terhadap ampicillin dilakukan dengan metode Kirby-Bauer pada media Mueller Hinton Agar. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat secara deskriptif dan analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-square.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 51 isolat teridentifikasi Staphylococcus sp. (31,9%). Hasil resistan terhadap ampicillin ditemukan pada 38 isolat (74,5%), 8 isolat (15,7%) kategori intermediet dan 5 isolat (9,8%) kategori sensitif. Faktor risiko menggendong (X2: 6,029; P: 0,014; OR: 0,272) dan memandikan (X2: 5,740; P: 0,017; OR: 0,424) berasosiasi terhadap keberadaan Staphylococcus sp. serta jenis pakan komersial (X2: 7,800; P: 0,005; OR: 7,286)  berasosiasi terhadap terjadinya resistansi ampicillin. Faktor lain tidak menunjukkan adanya asosiasi dengan keberadaan dan resistansi Staphylococcus sp. terhadap ampicillin. Disimpulkan bahwa Staphylococcus sp. resistan terhadap ampicillin pada kucing di Kabupaten Sleman dan Kota Yogyakarta, dengan faktor menggendong, memandikan, serta jenis pakan komersial berasosiasi dengan keberadaan dan resistansi bakteri tersebut.

Staphylococcus sp. is a Gram-positive cocciform bacterium arranged in pairs, forming grape-like. These bacteria are generally known as opportunistic pathogens that frequently infect animals and humans. Infections caused by these bacteria are typically treated with antibiotics. However, improper use of antibiotics can trigger antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine the resistance level and analyze the risk factors for the presence and resistance of Staphylococcus sp. to ampicillin in feline patients at animal clinics in Sleman and Yogyakarta.

This study employed a cross-sectional design with a total of 160 rectal swab samples from feline patients at animal clinics in Sleman and Yogyakarta. Information regarding feline patient and owner data was obtained through interviews using questionnaires containing questions related to risk factors associated with the presence of Staphylococcus sp. and its resistance to antibiotics. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus sp. were performed using Mannitol Salt Agar medium, Gram staining, and biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase, Voges-Proskauer, and mannitol fermentation tests. Sensitivity testing of Staphylococcus sp. to ampicillin was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method on Mueller Hinton Agar medium. Data were analyzed using descriptive univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test.

The results showed that 51 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp. (31,9%). Resistance was found in 38 isolates (74,5%), 8 isolates (15,7%) were categorized as intermediate, and 5 isolates (9,8%) were sensitive to ampicillin. Risk factors of carrying (X2: 6,029; P: 0,014; OR: 0,272) and bathing (X2: 5,740; P: 0,017; OR: 0,424) were associated with the presence of Staphylococcus sp., and the type of commercial feed (X2: 7,800; P: 0,005; OR: 7,286) was associated with the occurrence of ampicillin resistance. Other factors showed no association with the presence and resistance of Staphylococcus sp. to ampicillin. It can be concluded that Staphylococcus sp. is resistant to ampicillin in cats in Sleman and Yogyakarta, with factors such as carrying, bathing, and commercial feed type associated with the presence and resistance of the bacterium

Kata Kunci : Ampicillin, faktor risiko, kajian lintas seksional, kucing, resistansi, Staphylococcus sp., Ampicillin, cat, cross-sectional study, resistance, risk factor, Staphylococcus sp.