Pengaruh Ketinggian Lokasi terhadap Kinerja Induk Domba Wonosobo pada Tingkat Peternak Rakyat di Kabupaten Wonosobo

MUHAMAD BAHRUL HIKAM, Ir. Hamdani Maulana, S.Pt., M.Sc., IPP.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian lokasi terhadap kinerja induk domba Wonosobo. Sebanyak 37 orang peternak sebagai responden beserta 98 ekor induk domba Wonosobo. Tersebar pada tiga level ketinggian lokasi, yaitu tinggi (>700 MDPL), sedang (400 sampai 700 MDPL) dan rendah (<400 MDPL) di seluruh Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode survei melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan secara langsung, dan melalui data recording induk domba Wonosobo yang dimiliki peternak. Data karakteristik peternak dan sistem pemeliharaan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif, sedangkan data kinerja induk dianalisis secara statistik analisis variansi pola searah (ANOVA), dan dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan jika terdapat perbedaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas peternak domba Wonosobo berusia produktif (15 sampai 64 tahun) dengan pengalaman beternak yang bervariasi. Pendidikan didominasi SD sampai SMA. Kepemilikan ternak umumnya satu sampai 10 ekor. Kemampuan mengenali tanda-tanda birahi bervariasi. Peternak menerapkan sistem pemeliharaan intensif dengan kandang koloni dan perkawinan alami serta mayoritas menggunakan pejantan sendiri. Pakan utama adalah hijauan. Kinerja induk domba Wonosobo relatif sama di semua ketinggian lokasi, dengan rata-rata litter size, interval kelahiran, post partum estrus, post partum mating, service per conception, mortalitas pra sapih dan indeks reproduksi induk berturut-turut adalah 1,16±0,31 ekor, 229,82±28,56 hari, 34,73±8,96 hari, 63,59±12,18 hari, 1,15±0,41 kali, 0,01±0,07%, dan 1,77±0,51 anak/induk/tahun. Perbedaan signifikan hanya pada umur sapih (P<0,01) tertinggi di daerah sedang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketinggian lokasi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kinerja induk domba Wonosobo pada tingkat peternak rakyat di wilayah Kabupaten Wonosobo.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of location altitude on the performance of Wonosobo ewes. A total of 37 farmers were respondents, and 98 Wonosobo ewes were involved. They were distributed across three altitude levels: high (>700 meters above sea level), medium (400 to 700 meters above sea level), and low (<400 meters above sea level) throughout Wonosobo Regency. The research was conducted using a survey method through interviews, direct field observations, and data recording of Wonosobo ewes owned by the farmers. Data on farmer characteristics and maintenance systems were analyzed descriptively using quantitative methods. In contrast, ewe performance data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test if differences were found. The results showed that the majority of Wonosobo sheep farmers were of productive age (15 to 64 years) with varying farming experience. Their education levels were dominated by elementary to high school. Livestock ownership generally ranged from one to ten heads. The ability to recognize estrus signs varied among farmers. They applied an intensive maintenance system with colony pens and natural mating, and they mostly used their rams. The main feed was forage. The performance of Wonosobo ewes was relatively similar across all altitude levels, with average litter size, birth interval, postpartum estrus, postpartum mating, services per conception, pre-weaning mortality, and reproductive index recorded at 1.16 ± 0.31 heads, 229.82 ± 28.56 days, 34.73 ± 8.96 days, 63.59 ± 12.18 days, 1.15 ± 0.41 times, 0.01 ± 0.07%, and 1.77 ± 0.51 lambs/ewe/year, respectively. A significant difference was found only in weaning age (P < 0.01), highest in the medium altitude area. It was concluded that altitude did not affect the performance of Wonosobo ewes at the smallholder farmer level in Wonosobo Regency.

Kata Kunci : Domba Wonosobo, Ketinggian Lokasi, Karakteristik Peternak, Sistem Pemeliharaan, Kinerja Induk