Respons Fisiologis Tanaman Selada Hijau (Lactuca Sativa L.) Setelah Aplikasi Tiga Jenis Pupuk Cair dalam Sistem Hidroponik

SAFIRA NURULHAQ, Dr. Dwi Umi Siswanti, S. Si, M. Sc

2025 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Tanaman selada hijau (Lactuca sativa) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura  banyak dibudidayakan di dunia, baik secara konvensional atau dalam sistem hidroponik. Nutrisi adalah faktor paling penting dalam hidroponik. Karena kekhawatiran terhadap penggunaan pupuk kimia sintesis, saat ini pupuk organik ramah lingkungan seperti pupuk organik cair (POC) dan biofertilizer telah dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respons fisiologis tanaman selada hijau (L. sativa) setelah aplikasi tiga jenis pupuk yang berbeda dalam sistem hidroponik dan mengetahui jenis pupuk yang paling efektif dalam pertumbuhan tanaman selada hijau (L. sativa) dengan sistem tanam hidroponik wick. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penanaman selada menggunakan tiga jenis pupuk berbeda, yaitu Pupuk Organik Cair PIAT, En Wie biofertilizer dan Probiotik 2023 dengan konsentrasi 10 mL/Liter air. Perlakuan kontrol dilakukan menggunakan larutan AB mix. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati adalah  tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, berat basah dan kering, serta kandungan klorofil. Parameter lingkungan berupa pH, suhu air, suhu ruangan dan intensitas cahaya, serta kandungan hara masing masing pupuk. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk secara signifikan mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, biomassa (basah dan kering), dan klorofil, meskipun tidak mempengaruhi jumlah anakan.  Di antara pupuk organik/hayati, POC PIAT efektif meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan kandungan klorofil, EnWie Biofertilizer unggul dalam akumulasi biomassa. Probiotik 2023 menunjukkan kinerja terendah, setara dengan kontrol negatif, POC PIAT dan EnWie Biofertilizer berpotensi sebagai alternatif nutrisi hidroponik.

Green lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most widely cultivated horticultural crops globally, in both conventional and hydroponic systems. Nutrient content is the most critical factor in hydroponics. The use of synthetic chemical fertilizers has prompted the development of environmentally friendly organic fertilizers such as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and biofertilizers. The objective of this research was to compare the physiological responses of green lettuce (L. sativa) after the application of different kind of fertilizers in a hydroponic system, and to identify which fertilizer type is most effective for the growth of green lettuce in a wick hydroponic system. The study involved cultivating lettuce using various fertilizer treatments. The organic/biofertilizer treatments (LOF PIAT, EnWie Biofertilizer, and Probiotik 2023) were applied at a concentration of 10mL/ L water. The positive control treatment used an AB mix solution, and a negative control (plain water) was also included. Growth parameters observed included plant height, leaf count, tiller count, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Environmental parameters such as pH, water temperature, room temperature, and light intensity were also monitored, along with the nutrient content of each fertilizer. The results showed that the fertilizers had a significant effect on plant height, leaf count, biomass (fresh and dry weight) and chlorophyll content, although they had no effect on tiller count. Of the organic/bio-fertilizers tested, LOF PIAT was the most effective to increasing plant height and chlorophyll content, while EnWie Biofertilizer promoted biomass accumulation. Probiotik 2023 demonstrated the poorest performance, being comparable to the negative control. LOF PIAT and EnWie Biofertilizer show potential as alternative hydroponic nutrients.

Kata Kunci : hidroponik, Lactuca sativa, pupuk organik, unsur hara makro