Prarancangan Pabrik Metanol dari Batu bara dengan Metode Dry Gasification dengan Kapasitas 330.000 Ton/Tahun
ENADRA NATAN, Dr. Ing. Ir. Teguh Ariyanto, S.T., M.Eng., IPM., ASEAN Eng.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Metanol, juga dikenal sebagai metil alkohol atau wood alcohol, adalah senyawa kimia organik dengan rumus CH3OH. Ini merupakan bentuk alkohol paling sederhana, berbentuk cairan tidak berwarna, mudah menguap, dan mudah terbakar dengan bau khas yang lebih ringan. Metanol memiliki manfaat seperti bahan bakar alternatif, pelarut bahan kimia, pembersihan industri dan sebagainya. Untuk produksi metanol, dapat menggunakan batu bara sebagai bahan baku melalui proses gasifikasi batu bara dengan metode dry gasification dengan Fixed Bed Gasifier dengan model Downdraft Gasifier yang beroperasi pada suhu 900 C dan tekanan 40 atm. Pada produksi metanol dapat dibagi menjadi lima unit yaitu unit persiapan bahan baku, unit persiapan gas hidrogen, unit gasifikasi, unit reaksi sintesis metanol dan unit pemisahan. Pabrik ini dirancang dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 330.000 ton yang beroperasi selama 330 hari/tahun. Kebutuhan bahan baku untuk proses industri ini adalah batu bara sebanyak 22 ton/jam, gas nitrogen sebesar 519 m3/jam, gas karbon dioksida sebanyak 19.219 m3/jam, gas oksigen sebesar 1.931 m3/jam dan gas hidrogen sebesar 45.887 m3/jam. Untuk gas hidrogen hanya sebagai suplai pada reaktor untuk bahan baku reaksi pembentukan metanol
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH?OH. It’s one of the simple form of alcohol. The specification are, volatile, and flammable liquid with a distinctive, lighter odor. Methanol has benefits such as alternative fuels, chemical solvents, industrial cleaning and other. For methanol production, coal can be used as a raw material through the coal gasification process using the dry gasification method with Fixed Bed Gasifier with Downdraft Gasifier model as a equipment that operates at a temperature of 900°C and a pressure of 40 atm. Methanol production can be divided into five units, namely raw material preparation units, hydrogen gas preparation units, gasification units, methanol synthesis reaction units and separation units. The plant is designed with a production capacity of 330,000 tons that operates for 330 days/year. The raw material requirements for this industrial process are coal as much as 22 tons/hour, nitrogen gas of 519 m3 /hour, carbon dioxide gas as 19219 m3 /hour and oxygen gas at 1931 m3 /hour. We need hydrogen gas for suppling at 45887 m3/hour to increase the primary reaction of methanol.
The establishment of the methanol plant is planned in Tarahan, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia with an area around 12 hectares and 237 employees. The utility material includes seawater at 1.649.037.23 kg/hour with the main needs of cooling water at 1.074.638 kg/h and steam of 655.050 kg/hour. Air supply of 731.233 kg/hour, and electricity of 2.0582 MW. This plant is classified as medium risk where this plant requires a fixed capital at $120,546,615.34 and a working capital at $30,560,858.54. For this production capacity, a pre-tax ROI of 15,41% and an after tax ROI of 12,02% were obtained. POT after tax is 4.46 years, and POT before tax is 5.26 years. In addition, a BEP value of 50,77%, SDP of 28.32%, and DCFRR of 21.68% were obtained. Based on this economic analysis, this planis is interesting to and worthy to be reviewed
Kata Kunci : Coal, sub-bituminous, dry gasification, methanol, raw syngas