Analisis Teknis dan Usaha Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei, Boone, 1931) Di Desa Keburuhan Kecamatan Ngombol Kabupaten Purworejo

Muhammad Faisal a Syahputra, Dr. Ir. Bambang Triyatmo, M.P

2025 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan teknis dan usaha budidaya udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang dilakukan oleh petambak di Desa Keburuhan, Kecamatan Ngombol, Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pengambilan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui sensus langsung, wawancara dan dokumentasi dari petambak. Data sekunder diperoleh dari pemerintah desa meliputi keadaan umum (profil) desa penelitian. Budidaya udang vaname di desa tersebut yang aktif produksi sebanyak 35 tambak yang dikelola oleh 13 petambak (pengusaha tambak), dengan produksi udang sebanyak 40 siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budidaya udang vaname di desa tersebut secara teknis termasuk layak dijalankan dan secara usaha menguntungkan. Petak tambak berbentuk persegi panjang dengan luas rata-rata 1.114 m² (berkisar antara 460-2.232 m²) dan secara umum tambak menggunakan plastik mulsa (90%), yang lain (10%) dengan HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Sumber air tambak dari air tanah pesisir dengan salinitas rata-rata 22 ppt dan pH rata-rata 7,9; kedalaman air tambak 100-150 cm. Tambak sebelum penebaran benur diberi bahan untuk disinfeksi yang meliputi, kaporit (Ca(ClO)?), Peroksida (H?O?) dan kapur tohor (CaO). Kincir aerasi digunakan dalam tambak rata-rata 40 unit/ha dan penggantian air (untuk penyiponan dan penguapan) sebanyak 5-15 %. Kepadatan udang rata-rata 99 ekor/m² (45-151 ekor/m²) dan lama pemeliharaan rata-rata 93 hari (59-115 hari). Selama pemeliharaan udang diberi bahan kapur [dolomit [(CaMg(CO?)?], tohor (CaO) dan kalsit (CaCO?)] dan bahan probiotik. Pakan buatan/pellet (protein 30-40%) diberikan dengan dosis menurun 10-3%. Udang dipanen secara parsial, produksi total 7.616-32.353 kg/ha (rata-rata 17.341 kg/ha); nilai nisbah konversi pakan (Feed Conversion Ratio/FCR) 1,19-2,07 (rata-rata 1,49). Usaha budidaya udang vaname tersebut mempunyai nilai revenue cost( R/C ratio) berkisar antara 1,00 s/d 1,61 (rata-rata 1,24) dan pendapatan Rp.12.868 - Rp.611.890.794 per siklus/ha (rata-rata Rp.157.355.217 per siklus/Ha). Nilai titik impas (Break Even Point/BEP) produksi sebesar 445-2.804 kg/ha (rata-rata 1.260 kg/ha) dan BEP harga Rp.41.084 - Rp.63.773 /siklus/ha (rata-rata Rp.51.365 /siklus/ha).

This study aimed to analyze the technical feasibility and business of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation carried out by farmers in Keburuhan Village, Ngombol District, Purworejo Regency. The research method used includes primary and secondary data collection. Primary data were obtained through direct census, interviews, and documentation from farmers. Secondary data were obtained from the village government covering the general condition (profile) of the research village. Whiteleg shrimp cultivation in the village whitch were actively producing consisted of 35 ponds managed by 13 farmers (pond entrepreneurs), with shrimp production of 40 cycles. The results of the study indicated that whiteleg shrimp cultivation in the village is technically feasible and profitable. The pond plots are rectangular with an average area of 1,114 m² (ranging from 460-2.232 m²) and in general the ponds use plastic mulch (90%), the rest (10%) with HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). The pond water source is coastal groundwater with an average salinity of 22 ppt and an average pH of 7.9; the pond water depth is 100-150 cm. Before spreading the fry, the pond is given disinfection materials including chlorine (Ca(ClO)?), peroxide (H?O?) and quicklime (CaO). Aeration wheels are used in the ponds at an average of 40 units/ha and water replacement (for siphoning and evaporation) is 5-15%. The average shrimp density is 99 individuals/m² (45-151 individuals/m²) and the average maintenance period is 93 days (59-115 days). During the maintenance, the shrimp were given lime [dolomite [(CaMg(CO?)?], pure (CaO) and calcite (CaCO?)] and probiotic materials. Artificial feed/pellets (30-40% protein) were given with a decreasing dose of 10-3%. The shrimp were harvested partially, total production was 7,616-32,353 kg/ha (average 17,341 kg/ha); the feed conversion ratio (FCR) ranged from 1.19-2.07 (average 1.49). The vaname shrimp cultivation business had a revenue cost (R/C ratio) value ranged from 1.00 to 1.61 (average 1.24) and income of Rp.12,868 - Rp.611,890,794 per cycle/ha (average Rp.157,355,217 per cycle/ha). The value Break Even Point (BEP) production ranged from 445-2,804 kg/ha (average 1,260 kg/ha) and BEP price ranged from Rp.41,084 - Rp.63,773/cycle/ha (average Rp.51,365/cycle/ha).

Kata Kunci : Budidaya, Udang vaname, Kelayakan teknis, Analisis usaha, Desa Keburuhan