Sintesis dan Uji Sitotoksisitas Klorokumarin dan Klorokumarin-Kalkon sebagai Agen Antikanker
Aditya Eko Saputra, Prof. Dra. Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih, M.Si., Ph.D.; Dr. Artania Adnin Tri Suma, S.Si.
2025 | Skripsi | KIMIA
Coumarin and coumarin–chalcone derivatives have potential as anticancer agents. In this study, chlorinated coumarin derivatives and their corresponding chalcone analogs were synthesized, and all resulting compounds were subsequently evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines. Chlorinated coumarin was synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation between 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate, carried out under sonication in ethanol with piperidine as a catalyst. Next, chalcones 1 and 2 were obtained through Claisen–Schmidt condensation of the synthesized coumarin with either 2-methoxybenzaldehyde or 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, under reflux in 1-propanol with piperidine. The structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by GC-MS, ATR-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized compound was then evaluated for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay against breast cancer (T47D and MCF-7), cervical cancer (HeLa), and normal (Vero) cell lines.
The chlorinated coumarin was obtained as a yellow solid in 92% yield with a melting point of 206.7-208.5 °C. Chalcone derivatives 1 and 2 were yielded in 62% and 63% with melting points of 180.0-181.0?°C and 216.7-217.9?°C, respectively. All compounds showed high levels of purity. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that chalcone 1 exhibits the most potent cytotoxic activity against T47D cells, with an IC50 of 0.64 ?g/mL and a selectivity index (SI) of 190.60. These findings highlight chalcone 1 as the most promising selective anticancer candidate for further investigation.
Kata Kunci : 3-asetil-6-klorokumarin, antikanker, kumarin-kalkon, uji MTT.