UJI IN VITRO DAN IN VIVO BINDING CAPACITY TOXIN BINDER BERBAHAN BENTONITE DAN CURCUMIN TERHADAP AFLATOKSIN B?

Mahmud Aziz Mubarok, Dr. Ir. Muhsin Al Anas, S.Pt., IPP.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Aflatoksin B? (AFB?) menjadi ancaman dalam industri pakan dan perunggasan, seperti karsinogenik, hepatotoksik, imunosupresif, sehingga diperlukan mitigasi yang tepat untuk menurunkan dampaknya terhadap ayam petelur. Toxin binder menjadi salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan untuk menurunkan toksisitas AFB?. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kapasitas pengikatan toxin binder berbahan curcumin dan bentonite terhadap AFB? secara in vitro saluran pencernaan dan in vivo menggunakan ayam petelur. Pengujian terdiri dari 7 kelompok perlakuan, dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas diet basal dengan penambahan 250 pbb AFB? (CTRL); diet basal yang mengandung 250 pbb AFB? ditambah 1,5 g/kg TB? (LTB?); LTB (Low dose toxin binder): 1,5 g/kg ? LTB?, LTB?, LTB?; HTB (High dose toxin binder): 3 g/kg ? HTB?, HTB?, HTB?. Komposisi TB?, TB?, dan TB? masing-masing adalah 100% bentonite, 90% bentonite + 10% curcumin, dan 80% bentonite + 20% curcumin. Pengujian secara in vivo dilakukan pada ternak ayam petelur, lalu kapasitas pengikatan diperoleh dari hasil perbandingan antara kadar AFB? pada pakan dengan kadar AFB? pada ekskreta. Parameter yang diamati pada pengujian in vitro dan in vivo berupa kapasitas pengikatan toxin binder terhadap senyawa AFB?. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentonite 100% (LTB? dan HTB?) memiliki kapasitas pengikatan AFB? yang tinggi baik secara in vitro (85,40–91,64%) maupun in vivo (61,16–61,35%), dengan peningkatan dosis dari 1,5 g/kg menjadi 3 g/kg memberikan efek positif. Penambahan curcumin 20% (LTB? dan HTB?) menurunkan kapasitas pengikatan secara signifikan, baik in vitro maupun in vivo. Namun, kombinasi dosis bentonite tinggi dengan curcumin 10% (HTB?) menunjukkan hasil terbaik secara in vivo (62,46%), mengindikasikan potensi sinergis dalam dosis yang tepat. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentonite 100% memiliki kapasitas pengikatan AFB? yang tinggi. Penambahan curcumin menurunkan efisiensi pengikatan, baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Peningkatan dosis toxin binder hingga 3 g/kg secara signifikan meningkatkan kapasitas pengikatan AFB?.

Aflatoxin B? (AFB?) is a threat to the feed and poultry industry due to its carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and immunosuppressive properties, so appropriate mitigation is needed to reduce its impact on laying hens. Toxin binder is one of the widely used methods to reduce the toxicity of AFB?. This study aims to evaluate the binding capacity of toxin binders made from curcumin and bentonite to AFB? in the gastrointestinal tract in vitro and in vivo using laying hens. The test consisted of 7 treatment groups, with 5 replicates. Treatments included a basal diet with 250 ppb AFB? (CTRL); a basal diet containing 250 ppb AFB? with 1.5 g/kg TB? (LTB?); low-dose toxin binders (1.5 g/kg): LTB?, LTB?, LTB?; and high-dose toxin binders (3 g/kg): HTB?, HTB?, HTB?. The compositions of TB?, TB?, and TB? were 100?ntonite, 90?ntonite + 10% curcumin, and 80?ntonite + 20% curcumin, respectively. In vivo testing was conducted on laying hens, and binding capacity was determined by comparing the AFB? concentration in feed with that found in the excreta. The parameter observed in both in vitro and in vivo assessments was the binding capacity of the toxin binder against AFB?. The results showed that 100?ntonite (LTB? and HTB?) exhibited high AFB? binding capacity both in vitro (85.40–91.64%) and in vivo (61.16–61.35%), with increased doses from 1.5 g/kg to 3 g/kg showing a positive effect. The addition of 20% curcumin (LTB? and HTB?) significantly reduced the binding capacity in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. However, the combination of a high bentonite dose with 10% curcumin (HTB?) showed the highest binding result in vivo (62.46%), indicating potential synergy at an optimal dose. This study demonstrates that 100?ntonite has a strong binding capacity against AFB?. The addition of curcumin reduced binding efficiency in both models, while increasing the toxin binder dose to 3 g/kg significantly improved AFB? binding.

Kata Kunci : Aflatoksin B?, bentonite, binding capacity, curcumin, toxin binder