Dinamika Populasi Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) dan Predator pada Pertanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di Kabupaten Bantul

Virendra Fikri Attabiq, Dr. Ir. Arman Wijonarko, M.Sc.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari dinamika populasi Spodoptera exigua dan keberadaan predator di pertanaman bawang merah pada dua ekosistem berbeda di Kabupaten Bantul, yaitu Imogiri dengan tipe wilayah perbukitan dan Sanden dengan tipe wilayah pesisir. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam satu musim tanam bawang merah menggunakan metode pengamatan langsung serta berbagai jenis perangkap yaitu feromon trap, yellow sticky trap, pitfall trap, dan vakum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi larva, jumlah ngengat jantan, dan intensitas serangan S.exigua lebih tinggi di Imogiri dibandingkan Sanden. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti curah hujan, keragaman vegetasi, serta penggunaan pestisida yang intensif di Sanden. Predator dominan terdiri atas famili Formicidae di Imogiri serta Anisolabididae di Sanden. Dinamika populasi predator memiliki hubungan dengan fluktuasi populasi S.exigua, meskipun pengaruh curah hujan terhadap populasi hama hanya lemah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan predator dan praktek pertanian berpengaruh besar terhadap dinamika S.exigua sangat penting sebagai strategi pengendalian hama di pertanaman bawang merah yang efektif.

This study aimed to investigate the population dynamics of Spodoptera exigua and the presence of  predators in shallot cultivation in two different ecosystems in Bantul Regency, namely Imogiri (hill region) and Sanden (coastal region). The research was conducted over one growing season using direct observations and various types of traps, including pheromone traps, yellow sticky traps, pitfall traps, and vacuum sampling. The results showed that larval populations, the number of male moths, and the infestation intensity of S.exigua were higher in Imogiri than in Sanden. These differences were influenced by environmental factors such as rainfall, vegetation diversity, and the intensive use of pesticides in Sanden. The dominant predators were from the Formicidae family in Imogiri and the Anisolabididae family in Sanden. Predator population dynamics were related to fluctuations in S.exigua populations, although the influence of rainfall on pest populations was weak. These findings suggest that predator presence and farming practices significantly affect S.exigua dynamics and are crucial for the development of effective pest management strategies in shallot cultivation.

Kata Kunci : Spodoptera exigua, population dynamics, dinamika populasi, predator, shallot, bawang merah, Bantul