Tindak Tutur dan Strategi Tuturan dalam Debat Pertama Capres 2024

Oktafiani Zahra Indira, Prof. Dr. I Dewa Putu Wijana, M.A.

2025 | Skripsi | S1 SASTRA INDONESIA

Penelitian yang berjudul “Tindak Tutur dan Strategi Tuturan dalam Debat Pertama Capres Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024” ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis dan fungsi tindak tutur, strategi tuturan, serta aspek ekstralingual yang memengaruhi tuturan para calon presiden dalam Debat Pertama Capres 2024. Penelitian ini mengkaji data secara objektif yang kemudian dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Data penelitian diambil dari tayangan ulang Debat Pertama Capres 2024 di  Kanal YouTube Kompas TV yang diunggah pada 13 Desember 2024. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik dasar sadap dan teknik lanjutan Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SLBC) yang menghasilkan transkripsi ortografis. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis menggunakan metode padan pragmatik dan disajikan secara informal berupa deskripsi analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan ketiga jenis tindak tutur menurut teori Austin (lokusi, ilokusi, perlokusi) dan lima jenis tindak tutur ilokusi berdasarkan kategorisasi Searle yang meliputi tindak tutur asertif sebanyak 29 data, komisif 24 data, direktif 23 data, ekspresif 16 data, dan deklarasi 2 data. Selain itu, ditemukan sebanyak sembilan kombinasi strategi dengan strategi yang dominan yaitu implisit, langsung, literal, tersurat. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap aspek-aspek ekstralingual yang memengaruhi kemunculan tuturan dengan menggunakan teori Dell Hymes model SPEAKING. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah komponen-komponen tutur (setting, participant, ends, act of sequance, key instrumentalities, norm, genre) juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pemunculan tuturan. 

The research, entitled "Speech Acts and Speech Strategies in the First Presidential Debate of the Republic of Indonesia in 2024", aims to analyze the types and functions of speech acts, speech strategies, and extralingual aspects that affect the speech of presidential candidates in the first presidential debate in 2024. This study examines the data objectively which is then presented descriptively. The research data was taken from the replay of the 2024 First Presidential Debate on the Kompas TV YouTube Channel which was uploaded on December 13, 2024. The data collection method in this study uses the simak method with basic tapping techniques and the advanced technique Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SLBC) which produces orthographic transcription. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using a pragmatic matching method and presented informally in the form of an analysis description. The results of the study showed that three types of speech actions were found according to Austin's theory (locution, illocution, perlocution) and five types of illocution speech actions based on Searle's categorization which included assertive speech actions of 29 data, commissions of 24 data, directive 23 data, expressive 16 data, and declaration of 2 data. In addition, there were nine combinations of strategies with the dominant strategies, namely implicit, direct, literal, and express. This study also revealed extralingual aspects that affect the appearance of speech using the Dell Hymes theory of the SPEAKING model. The results found that the components of speech (setting, participant, ends, act of sequence, key instrumentalities, norms, genre) also have a significant influence on speech emergence. 

Kata Kunci : sosiopragmatik, debat capres, tindak tutur, strategi tuturan, aspek ekstralingual