Perencanaan Sistem Transportasi Publik Berbasis Konsep Integrated Sustainable Transportation di Kawasan Perkotaan Pekalongan

Dewi Afiliyani, Isti Hidayati, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Tingginya penggunaan kendaraan pribadi di Kawasan Perkotaan Pekalongan—yang mencakup Kota Pekalongan, Kabupaten Pekalongan, dan Kabupaten Batang—telah menimbulkan kemacetan, penurunan aksesibilitas, serta dampak lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi yang signifikan. Transportasi publik yang tersedia masih terbatas dan belum terintegrasi, sehingga belum mampu menjadi alternatif mobilitas yang andal. Perencanaan ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem transportasi publik terintegrasi berbasis konsep Integrated Sustainable Transportation untuk mendukung aksesibilitas, efisiensi, dan mobilitas berkelanjutan

Tahapan analisis meliputi proyeksi permintaan berbasis data captive rider, penentuan zona prioritas melalui analisis spasial berbasis GIS menggunakan metode weighted overlay, matching analysis, dan kernel density estimation terhadap 19 layer POI dan kepadatan penduduk netto, serta pemilihan rute berdasarkan tujuh indikator kinerja jaringan. Selanjutnya, kelayakan finansial dianalisis menggunakan metode Net Present Value (NPV) dan Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR).

Hasil perencanaan mencakup pengembangan 4 koridor BRT dan 13 koridor feeder, 45 halte, 201 unit TPB, 40 bus, dan 85 angkot dengan headway 15 menit, menjangkau ±70,39% populasi kawasan. Sistem ini beroperasi pukul 05.00–19.00 (beberapa koridor hingga 21.00) dengan skema flat fare Rp3.000. Integrasi dilakukan secara spasial, operasional, dan kelembagaan, melalui pembentukan Badan Koordinasi Transportasi Perkotaan Pekalongan Raya. Proyeksi menunjukkan potensi reduksi emisi sebesar ±769.423 ton CO? dalam 18 tahun, serta kelayakan finansial dengan NPV Rp2,48 triliun dan EBCR 4,64. Pembiayaan dirancang melalui availability payment yang melibatkan APBD daerah (2%), APBD provinsi (1%), dan DAK pusat Rp100 miliar.

The high use of private vehicles in the Pekalongan Urban Area—which includes Pekalongan City, Pekalongan Regency, and Batang Regency—has resulted in traffic congestion, declining accessibility, and significant environmental, social, and economic impacts. Public transportation remains limited and lacks integration, preventing it from becoming a reliable mobility alternative. This study aims to develop an integrated public transportation system based on the concept of Integrated Sustainable Transportation to enhance accessibility, efficiency, and sustainable urban mobility.

The planning process includes a demand projection based on captive rider data, followed by service zone prioritization using GIS-based spatial analysis through weighted overlay, matching analysis, and kernel density estimation of 19 POI layers and net population density. Route selection is based on seven normalized network performance indicators, and financial feasibility is assessed using Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) methods.

The resulting plan proposes the development of 4 BRT corridors and 13 feeder corridors, with 45 stops, 201 feeder units, 40 buses, and 85 angkot (minibuses), operating at a 15-minute headway and serving approximately 70.39% of the population. Services operate from 05:00 to 19:00, with some corridors extended until 21:00, using a flat fare scheme of Rp3,000 per trip. Integration is realized spatially, operationally, and institutionally, including the establishment of the Pekalongan Raya Urban Transport Coordinating Agency. The system is projected to reduce carbon emissions by approximately 769,423 tons of CO? over 18 years and is considered financially feasible with an NPV of IDR 2.48 trillion and an EBCR of 4.64. The financing scheme adopts an availability payment model supported by regional (2%), provincial (1%), and national (DAK) funding of IDR 100 billion.

Kata Kunci : Transportasi Publik, Aksesibilitas, Integrasi, Keberlanjutan, Kelayakan Finansial