TINGKAT KENYAMANAN HUTAN KOTA TEBET, DAERAH KHUSUS JAKARTA DAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA

Dito Akbar, Ir. Retno Nur Utami, M.P

2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Pesatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi dan perdagangan di Jakarta mendorong urbanisasi dari berbagai provinsi, meningkatkan populasi dan kebutuhan lahan untuk perumahan serta perkantoran. Konsekuensinya, perubahan tutupan lahan dari vegetasi tinggi ke vegetasi rendah berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, memperparah polusi udara dan air, serta memengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis masyarakat dengan meningkatnya emosi negatif. Minimnya penelitian terdahulu di kawasan ini menegaskan perlunya kajian lebih lanjut terkait tingkat kenyamanan di Hutan Kota Tebet.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Hutan Kota Tebet, Jakarta Selatan, sebagai salah satu ruang hijau di Jakarta. Data lingkungan dikumpulkan dengan Systematic Sampling with Random Start melalui 9 petak ukur (20x20 m). Analisis dilakukan dengan Anova One-Way pada tiga segmen waktu (pagi, siang, sore), serta uji post-hoc Bonferonni correction. Tingkat kenyamanan pengunjung dianalisis berdasarkan hasil kuesioner pengunjung. Data sosial diperoleh melalui kuesioner dengan Simple Random Sampling, melibatkan 128 responden berusia ?15 tahun. Analisis regresi logistik ordinal digunakan untuk menentukan faktor lingkungan yang diduga mempengaruhi kenyamanan pengunjung. 

Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kenyamanan pengunjung di kawasan ini, Berdasarkan tingkat kenyamanan persepsi pengunjung terhadap enam variabel lingkungan di Hutan Kota Tebet: suhu (24% sangat nyaman), kelembapan (12% sangat nyaman), kecepatan angin (6% sangat nyaman), intensitas cahaya matahari (4% sangat nyaman), penutupan tajuk (59% sangat nyaman–nyaman), dan kebisingan (27% cukup hingga tidak nyaman). Faktor lingkungan yang diduga berkontribusi terhadap kenyamanan pengunjung meliputi suhu, kelembapan, dan intensitas cahaya matahari, dengan nilai sig. (<0>

The Jakarta metropolitan region has undergone accelerated economic development and intensified commercial activity, catalyzing extensive urban expansion and heightened demand for both residential and commercial land. This trajectory has precipitated notable land cover transformation, particularly the conversion of high-canopy vegetation to impervious or low-vegetation surfaces. Such environmental shifts have contributed to escalating degradation, including deteriorating air and water quality, and have adversely affected urban psychosocial well-being due to increased exposure to environmental stressors. Despite the critical ecosystem services offered by urban green spaces, empirical research addressing environmental comfort in these landscapes remains limited.

This study investigates environmental comfort within Tebet Eco Park, South Jakarta, a key urban green infrastructure designed to enhance environmental quality and public health. Environmental parameters were recorded across nine systematically sampled 20?×?20?m plots using a Random Start strategy and assessed during three temporal intervals: morning, midday, and afternoon. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Visitor comfort levels were evaluated by responses obtained through a structured questionnaire survey. Concurrently, perceptual data were collected via Simple Random Sampling through a structured questionnaire administered to 128 respondents aged 15 years and above. Ordinal logistic regression was applied to evaluate the influence of six environmental variables on perceived comfort.

Results indicate that canopy cover was the most significant determinant of perceived comfort, with 59% of respondents rating the environment as “comfortable” or “very comfortable.” This was followed by air temperature (24%), humidity (12%), wind speed (6%), and solar radiation (4%). In contrast, noise disturbance was associated with the highest levels of discomfort, with 27% of participants indicating moderate to severe unease. Statistical analysis confirmed that air temperature, humidity, and solar intensity significantly affected perceived comfort (p < 0>

Kata Kunci : ruang terbuka hijau, hutan kota, hutan kota tebet, persepsi pengunjung