Karakterisasi Morfologi, Molekuler, dan Kultur In vitro Vanda tricolor Lindley var. suavis Forma Merapi dan Forma Lawu

Violeta Setya Adraneswari, Prof. Dr. Endang Semiarti, M.S., M.Sc.

2025 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Indonesia sebagai pusat keanekaragaman anggrek menghadapi penurunan populasi Vanda tricolor Lindley var. suavis akibat degradasi habitat. Penelitian ini mengkaji perbanyakan in vitro, karakterisasi morfologi, dan analisis gen homeobox1 pada forma Merapi dan Lawu. Metode meliputi mikropropagasi biji menggunakan media VW dengan variasi hormon (NAA, TDZ), pengukuran parameter morfologi kuantitatif (ukuran tanaman) dan kualitatif (bentuk, warna), serta analisis molekuler melalui isolasi DNA, amplifikasi gen VOH1, dan konstruksi filogenetik. Hasil menunjukkan keberhasilan perbanyakan tertinggi pada media VW+TDZ 3 ppm (Merapi) dan VW+TDZ 1 ppm+NAA 2 ppm (Lawu) dengan perkecambahan >80%. Teridentifikasi variasi morfologi signifikan: forma Merapi memiliki habitus lebih tinggi (78 cm), bunga lebih besar, dan aroma lebih kuat, sedangkan forma Lawu menghasilkan buah lebih panjang dan labellum lebih lebar. Terdapat similaritas filogenetik analisis antara V. tricolor Merapi dan Lawu sebesar 70,7%. Simpulan penelitian menyatakan keragaman fenotipik dipengaruhi faktor lingkungan, sementara gen homeobox1 bersifat stabil. Kultur in vitro teroptimasi ini efektif mendukung konservasi ex situ spesies.

Indonesia as a center of orchid diversity is facing a decline in the population of Vanda tricolor Lindley var. suavis due to habitat degradation. This study examined in vitro propagation, morphological characterization, and homeobox1 gene analysis in the form of Merapi and Lawu. Methods include seed micropropagation using VW media with hormonal variations (NAA, TDZ), quantitative (plant size) and qualitative (shape, color) morphological parameter measurements, as well as molecular analysis through DNA isolation, VOH1 gene amplification, and phylogenetic construction. The results showed the highest propagation success in VW+TDZ 3 ppm (Merapi) and VW+TDZ 1 ppm+NAA 2 ppm (Lawu) with germination >80%. Significant morphological variations were identified: the Merapi forma has a taller habitus (78 cm), larger flowers, and a stronger aroma, while the Lawu forma produces longer fruits and a wider labellum. There was phylogenetic similarity in analysis between V. tricolor Merapi and Lawu of 70.7%. The conclusion of the study stated that phenotypic diversity is influenced by environmental factors, while the homeobox1 gen is stable. This optimized in vitro culture effectively supports ex situ conservation of species.

Kata Kunci : Anggrek, Gen Homeobox1, In vitro, Vacin and Went, Vanda tricolor