Pengaruh Coworker Exchange dan Leader-Member Exchange terhadap sikap kerja :: Studi mengenai Dyads rekan kerja

WIKANINGRUM, Tri, Dr. T. Hani Handoko, MBA

2004 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kemiripan pertukaran pemimpin-anggota (LMX) terhadap kualitas pertukaran rekan kerja (CWX). Selain itu diuji juga pengaruh LMX dan CWX terhadap komitmen organisasional dan kepuasan kerja bawahan. Dari responden sebanyak 76 perawat pada 3 rumah sakit di Semarang, masing-masing diminta untuk menilai kualitas hubungan dengan kepala ruangnya, kualitas hubungannya dengan sejumlah rekan ketja di bawah kepala ruang yang sama dan tanggapan mengenai, komitmen organisasiona1 dan kepuasan kerja mereka. Dari sampel tersebut terbentuk 146 dyads dengan data LMX, CWX, dan sikap kerja secara lengkap. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemiripan kualitas pertukaran di antara rekan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kualitas CWX di antara keduanya. Setelah mengontrol CWX, kualitas LMX ternyata berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja tapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap komitmen organisasional. Setelah mengontrol LMX, diversitas dalam hubungan CWX bawahan berpengaruh negatif terhadap komitmen organisasional tapi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Akhirnya, intervensi antara diversitas dan kualitas. CWX tidak memprediksi baik komitmen organisasional maupun kepuasan kerja.

The purpose of the present study was to examined how leader-member exchange (LMX) similarity might affect on exchange quality between coworkers. This research also investigated the relationship of LMX and CWX (coworker exchange) to employees’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Each respondent from 76 nurses at three hospitals in Semarang was asked to rate the quality of the relationship he had with his supervisor, resulting in 76 LMX ratings. They also rated the quality of relationship he had with every one of his coworkers. A dyad was created where we had complete information for two employees who had rated one another. Once paired, a total of 146 dyads with complete LMX, CWX, and work attitude data resulted. The result of this research indicated that interaction between 2 coworkers’ LMX scores predicted CWX quality for the coworker dyad. After controlling for CWX, LMX quality was positively related to his job satisfaction but not organizational commitment. Also, after controlling for LMX, greater diversity in a worker’s CWX relationship was negatively related to his organizational commitment but not job satisfaction. The interaction of CWX quality and CWX diversity, however, not predicted work attitudes.

Kata Kunci : Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia,Pertukaran Pimpinan dan Bawahan, leader-member exchange, coworker exchange, dyad, work attitudes, CWX diversity, CWX quality