Pengaruh Paritas dan Umur terhadap Estrus Post Partus Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Syahda Aisha Rabbani, Prof. drh. Agung Budiyanto, M.P., Ph.D

2025 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Produktivitas sapi potong merupakan faktor penting dalam mewujudkan usaha pengembangbiakan sapi potong. Tolok ukur peningkatan  produktivitas sapi potong dipengaruhi oleh performa reproduksi dan efisiensi reproduksi, salah satunya ditunjukkan melalui parameter estrus postpartum. Interval estrus postpartum dipengaruhi faktor umur dan paritas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paritas dan umur sapi potong terhadap estrus postpartum di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada sapi potong betina produktif sehat berjumlah 138 ekor di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode penelitian dilaksanakan dengan observasi langsung dan wawancara kepada peternak sapi. Data yang diperoleh ditulis pada tabel kuisioner yang meliputi nama peternak, BCS (Body Condition Score), breed sapi, umur sapi, paritas, Estrus Post Partum (EPP) terakhir, jumlah IB yang dilakukan, riwayat kebuntingan, dan usia kebuntingan. Paritas dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelompok: paritas I (1-2), paritas II (3-4), dan paritas III (>4). Umur dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelompok: umur I (2-3,5 tahun), umur II (4-5 tahun), dan umur III (>5 tahun). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan program Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) dengan menerapkan uji Kruskal-Wallis untuk mengetahui signifikansi pengaruh paritas dan umur terhadap interval estrus postpartum. Hasil penelitian menyajikan rata-rata interval estrus postpartum pada kategori paritas I, II, dan III masing-masing 4.49±2.530 bulan, 4.92±2.464 bulan, 5.00±3.886 bulan. Rata-rata EPP berdasarkan umur I, II, dan III berturut-turut yaitu 4.58±2.349 bulan, 4.38±2.441 bulan, dan 5.27±3.493 bulan sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa paritas dan umur tidak berpengaruh terhadap waktu munculnya estrus postpartum.

The productivity of beef cattle is an essential factor in the success of beef cattle breeding programs. One indicator of improved productivity is reproductive performance and efficiency, which can be assessed through the postpartum estrus interval. This interval is influenced by factors such as age and parity. This study aimed to determine the effect of age and parity on the Estrus Post Partum (EPP) interval in beef cattle in Gunungkidul Regency. The research was conducted on 138 healthy, productive female beef cattle in the region. The method involved direct observation and interviews with cattle farmers. Data were recorded in a questionnaire table including the farmer's name, Body Condition Score (BCS), cattle breed, age, parity, last EPP, number of Artificial Inseminations (AI), pregnancy history, and gestational age. Parity was categorized into three groups: parity I (1–2), parity II (3–4), and parity III (>4). Age was also divided into three groups: age group I (2–3.5 years), age group II (4–5 years), and age group III (>5 years). Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program with the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate the significance of parity and age on the postpartum estrus interval. The results showed that the average postpartum estrus interval for parity I, II, and III were 4.49±2.530 months, 4.92±2.464 months, and 5.00±3.886 months, respectively. The mean EPP for age groups I, II, and III were 4.58±2.349 months, 4.38±2.441 months, and 5.27±3.493 months, respectively. It can be concluded that parity and age did not significantly affect the timing of the onset of postpartum estrus.

Kata Kunci : Sapi potong, estrus postpartum, paritas, umur