Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Penggunaan Aripiprazole Pada Pasien Autism Sepectrum Disorder Di RS. Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang

Veronica Lorencia, Dr. apt. Fita Rahmawati, Sp. FRS ; Dr. dr. Bambang Hastha Yoga LB, Sp.KJ

2025 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Farmasi Klinik

Aripiprazole merupakan antipsikotik yang dilaporkan memiliki efektivitas pada ASD namun memiliki potensi efek samping yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran efektivitas disertai faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi efektivitas tersebut serta gambaran keamanan penggunaan aripiprazole pada pasien ASD.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cohort retrospektif pre-post dengan pengambilan data berdasarkan rekam medis pasien ASD di rawat jalan RS.Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang periode 2022-2024. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 pasien ASD.

Efektivitas dinilai berdasarkan penurunan jumlah pasien disetiap domain gejala berdasarkan instrumen Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), faktor risiko dinilai berdasarkan signifikansi secara statistik, sedangkan keamanan dinilai dengan melihat kejadian efek samping yang timbul selama penggunaan aripiprazole disertai evaluasi dengan algoritma naranjo. Analisis statistik yang digunakan yaitu univariat, bivariat dengan chi-square, uji multivariat dengan regresi logistik dan analisa durasi efektivitas dengan Kaplan-meier serta analisa deskriptif frekuensi untuk melihat persentase efek samping.

Aripiprazole memiliki efektivitas pada pasien ASD selama 3 bulan penggunaan dengan menurunkan 3 gejala utama yang memiliki jumlah pasien tertinggi dalam penelitian ini yaitu ketidaksesuaian respon (69,8%), kelainan respon visual (65,1%), dan kelainan tingkat aktivitas (33,3%) namun beberapa faktor yang diteliti seperti usia, jenis kelamin, durasi menderita ASD, dosis aripiprazole, diagnosa penyerta, dan obat pendamping tidak berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas aripiprazole pada ketiga gejala tersebut

Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic that has been reported to be effective in ASD but has varying potential side effects. This study aims to determine the effectiveness description along with the risk factors that influence the effectiveness and the safety description of aripiprazole use in ASD patients.

This study is a retrospective pre-post cohort study with data collection based on medical records of ASD patients in outpatient care at Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang Hospital for the period 2022-2024. The subjects in this study were 50 ASD patients.

Effectiveness was assessed based on the decrease in the number of patients in each symptom domain based on the CARS instrument, risk factors were assessed based on statistical significance, while safety was assessed by looking at the incidence of side effects that occurred during the use of aripiprazole accompanied by an evaluation with the Naranjo algorithm. The statistical analysis used was univariate, bivariate with chi-square, multivariate test with logistic regression and analysis of the duration of effectiveness with Kaplan-meier and descriptive frequency analysis to see the percentage of side effects.

The result showed that the use of Aripiprazole for 3 months was effective in ASD patients by reducing 3 main symptoms that had the highest number of patients in this study, namely inappropriate response (69.8%), visual response abnormalities (65.1%), and abnormal activity levels (33.3%) However, several examined factors including age, sex, duration of ASD, aripiprazole dosage, comorbid diagnoses, and concomitant medications were not found to influence the effectiveness of aripiprazole on these symptoms. The use of aripiprazole in ASD during the period 2022-2024 caused side effects including rigidity in 3 people (6.0%), sedation in 2 people (4.0%), weight gain in 1 person (2.0%), and hypersalivation in 1 person (2.0%).

Kata Kunci : Autism Spectrum Disorder, Aripiprazole, Efektivitas, Efek samping