Pelindungan Hukum Pasien Kejiwaan dalam Terapi Psikofarmaka: Studi Kasus di Rumah Sakit Khusus Puri Nirmala

Putu Ratna Indriyani Manik, Umar Mubdi, S.H., M.A.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU HUKUM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengulas dan menganalisis isu hukum berkaitan dengan pelindungan hukum pasien kejiwaan dalam terapi psikofarmaka, hubungan terapeutik antara pasien kejiwaan dan dokter, pemenuhan hak-hak keperdataan pasien kejiwaan atas risiko terapi psikofarmaka, serta kepatuhan hukum dan kesesuaian penerapan prinsip-prinsip etika medis menurut Beauchamp dan Childress di Rumah Sakit Khusus Puri Nirmala.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris untuk menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan implementasinya di lapangan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif terhadap data primer dan data sekunder. Perolehan data primer dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan semi-terstuktur dengan responden di Rumah Sakit Khusus Puri Nirmala. Data sekunder diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Bahan hukum primer meliputi peraturan perundang-undangan. Bahan hukum sekunder diperoleh melalui publikasi hukum dan non-hukum berkaitan dengan topik yang diangkat.

Berdasarkan penelitian yang Penulis lakukan, ditemukan hasil sebagai berikut, pertama, pelindungan pasien kejiwaan atas risiko terapi psikofarmaka diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia secara umum dan Peraturan Internal Rumah Sakit secara khusus. Pelindungan hukum ini mencakup hak-hak pasien kejiwaan serta kewajiban tenaga medis, tenaga kesehatan, dan rumah sakit dalam perjanjian terapeutik. Kedua, prinsip-prinsip etika medis meliputi respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, dan justice terkandung dalam paradigma pelindungan hukum pasien kejiwaan menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan dan peraturan turunannya sehingga penerapannya koheren dan saling mendukung satu sama lain untuk memenuhi hak-hak keperdataan pasien kejiwaan. 

This research aims to review and analyze legal issues related to the legal protection of psychiatric patients in receiving psychopharmacological therapy, the therapeutic relationship between psychiatric patients and doctors, the fulfilment of psychiatric patients’ civil rights from the risks associated with psychopharmacological therapy, as well as the legal compliance and the conformity of Beauchamp and Childress’ bioethics principles at the Puri Nirmala Psychiatric Hospital.

This legal research is a normative-empirical approach to identify the intersection between existing regulations and field findings. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively, using both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with respondents at the Puri Nirmala Psychiatric Hospital. Secondary data were gathered through a literature study of primary and secondary legal materials. Primary legal materials include legislation and statutory regulations. Secondary legal materials are obtained through legal and non-legal publications to the topic under study.

Based on the research carried out, the following conclusions were drawn, first the protection of psychiatric patients against the risk of psychopharmacological therapy is governed through existing regulations in Indonesia in general, and hospital bylaws in particular. This legal protection encompasses the rights of psychiatric patients as well as the obligations of medical personnel, healthcare workers, and hospitals within the framework of the therapeutic agreement. Second, the principles of bioethics, including respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice are implied in the legal paradigm of the protection of psychiatric patients as stipulated in the Indonesia’s Health Law No. 17/2023 and its implementing regulations, in which these ethical and legal provisions are applied in a mutually reinforcing and coherent manner to fulfill the civil rights of psychiatric patients.

Kata Kunci : Pelindungan Hukum, Pasien Kejiwaan, Perjanjian Terapeutik, Hak-Hak Keperdataan, Terapi Psikofarmaka