Prevalensi Infeksi Theileria sp. pada Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Bantul

Rangga Alif Saputro, drh. Heru Susetya, M.P., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Theileriosis merupakan penyakit akibat parasit hemoprotozoa Theileria sp. pada ruminansia di wilayah tropis dan subtropis yang dapat dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi peternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi Theileria sp. sebagai agen penyebab theileriosis pada sapi potong di Kabupaten Bantul dengan metode pemeriksaan mikroskopis menggunakan apus darah untuk memeriksa keberadaan piroplasma dalam eritrosit, menghitung prevalensi, serta faktor risiko infeksi Theileria sp. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari Juli hingga November 2024 menggunakan kajian lintas seksional dengan metode pengambilan sampel kombinasi antara sampel acak sederhana dan klaster. Sebanyak 163 sampel darah diambil melalui vena jugularis dari 83 peternakan, dengan estimasi prevalensi 11,5?n tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Sampel darah diperiksa secara mikroskopis menggunakan pewarnaan Giemsa 10%. Data faktor risiko didapatkan dari observasi dan wawancara pada peternak, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 25. Prevalensi infeksi Theileria sp. di Kabupaten Bantul mencapai 85,3%, berdasarkan pemeriksaan apus darah yang menunjukkan 139 dari 163 sampel positif. Signifikasi hubungan (P<0>Chi-Square. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jenis sapi peranakan Limousin (P=0,030; OR=0,365), ketinggian kandang < 200>(P-value=0,000; OR=20,357), dan kedekatan kandang dengan sumber air < 1>(P-value=0,000; OR = 14,772) berasosiasi signifikan terhadap infeksi Theileria sp. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah prevalensi theileriosis pada tingkat ternak di Kabupaten Bantul menggunakan apus darah sebesar 85,3%. Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap infeksi Theileria sp. adalah jenis sapi peranakan Limousin, ketinggian kandang < 200>Theileria sp. dan mengurangi dampaknya.

Theileriosis is a disease caused by the hemoprotozoan parasite Theileria sp. in ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions, which can lead to economic losses for farmers. This study aimed to detect Theileria sp. as the causative agent of theileriosis in beef cattle in Bantul Regency using microscopic examination of blood smears to observe the presence of piroplasms in erythrocytes, calculate prevalence, and identify risk factors for Theileria sp. infection. This research was conducted from July to November 2024 using a cross-sectional study with a sampling method that combined simple random sampling and cluster sampling. A total of 163 blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 83 farms, with an estimated prevalence of 11.5% and a 95% confidence level. Blood samples were examined microscopically using 10% Giemsa staining. Risk factor data were obtained through observation and interviews with farmers, then analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the SPSS version 25 application. The infection rate of Theileria sp. in Bantul Regency reached 85.3%, based on blood smear examinations showing that 139 out of 163 samples were positive. The significance of the relationship (P<0>. The analysis results showed that the Limousin crossbred cattle (P=0.030; OR=0.365), cage elevation (P-value=0,000; OR=20.357), and cage proximity to water sources (P-value=0.000; OR=14.772) were significantly associated with Theileria sp. infection. The conclusion of this study is that the prevalence of theileriosis at the individual level in Bantul Regency using blood smears is 85.3%. Risk factors associated with Theileria sp. infection included the use of Limousin crossbred cattle, cage elevation below 200 meters above sea level, and cage proximity to a water source within 1 km. Proper prevention and control practices are essential to reduce the prevalence of Theileria sp. infection and mitigate its impact.

Kata Kunci : Bantul, Prevalensi, Sapi potong, Theileriosis