Pengaruh Breed Sapi Potong terhadap Performa Reproduksi di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Risha Atikawati, Prof. drh. Agung Budiyanto, M.P., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Komposisi karakteristik sapi lokal di Indonesia mengalami penurunan hingga tersisa 30%, hal tersebut terjadi karena inseminasi buatan yang terus berkembang serta banyak diminati. Sapi silangan (crossbreed) banyak dijumpai pada peternakan rakyat dan lebih disukai oleh peternak di Indonesia. Tahapan penting inseminasi buatan adalah evaluasi keberhasilan IB. Evaluasi efisiensi reproduksi sapi dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu dengan menilai Service per Conception, Days Open, Calving Interval, dan Pregnancy Rate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh breed sapi potong (Peranakan Ongole, SimPO, dan LimPO) terhadap performa reproduksi. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Sapi PO sejumlah 43 ekor, sapi SimPO 40 ekor, dan sapi LimPO 32 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang diperoleh dari survei dan observasi ternak sapi potong milik warga di Kabupaten Gunungkidul dengan wawancara langsung peternak. Nilai Service per Conception dihitung secara manual rumus kemudian dianalisis komparatif antar breed. Nilai Days Open dan Calving Interval dianalisis menggunakan software SPSS dengan metode uji statistik nonparametrik yaitu uji Kruskal-Wallis serta uji yang digunakan untuk Pregnancy Rate adalah uji Chi-Square. Nilai Service per Conception sapi potong di Kabupaten Gunungkidul pada sapi PO adalah 4,9 kali, sapi SimPO adalah 4,7 kali, dan sapi LimPO adalah 3,0 kali. Hasil uji performa reproduksi sapi PO, SimPO, dan LimPO diperoleh Days Open 191,86±90,744 hari, 165,75±84,849 hari, dan 155,63±73,262 hari. Diperoleh Calving Interval 457,67±83,604 hari, 435,00±85,934 hari, dan 422,81±70,401 hari. Diperoleh hasil Pregnancy Rate 38,71%, 41,67%, dan 58,33%. Tidak terdapat pengaruh antara breed dengan performa reproduksi di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. 

The proportion of local cattle in Indonesia has declined to around 30%, mainly due to the growing popularity and advancement of artificial insemination (AI). Crossbred cattle are commonly found in smallholder farms and are preferred by farmers. A critical step in AI programs is the evaluation of their success. Reproductive efficiency in beef cattle can be assessed using several indicators, including Service per Conception (S/C), Days Open (DO), Calving Interval (CI), and Pregnancy Rate (PR). This research aims to determine the effect of beef cattle breed (Peranakan Ongole, SimPO, and LimPO) on reproductive performance. This research involved 43 Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle, 40 SimPO (Simmental–PO crossbreed) cattle, and 32 LimPO (Limousin–PO crossbreed) cattle.  The study used data obtained from surveys and observations of beef cattle owned by residents in Gunungkidul Regency through direct interviews with farmers. The Service per Conception value was calculated manually using formulas and then analyzed comparatively among breeds. Days Open and Calving Interval were analyzed using SPSS software with nonparametric statistical tests, namely the Kruskal-Wallis test, while the Pregnancy Rate was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The Service per Conception values for beef cattle in Gunungkidul Regency were 4.9 times for PO, 4.7 times for SimPO, and 3.0 times for LimPO. The reproductive performance test results for PO, SimPO, and LimPO cattle showed Days Open of 191.86±90.744 days, 165.75±84.849 days, and 155.63±73.262 days, respectively. Calving Interval values were 457.67±83.604 days, 435.00±85.934 days, and 422.81±70.401 days, respectively. Pregnancy Rates were 38.71%, 41.67%, and 58.33%, respectively. There was no significant effect of breed on reproductive performance in Gunungkidul Regency.

Kata Kunci : breed, performa reproduksi, sapi potong