PRARANCANGAN PABRIK POLIVINIL ASETAT DARI ASAM ASETAT DENGAN KAPASITAS 25.000 TON/TAHUN
Amare Nirwasita Parafianto, Ir. Rr. Wahyu Hasokowati, M.A.Sc., IPM.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Polivinil
asetat (PVAc) merupakan salah satu polimer sintetik yang banyak digunakan dalam
industri perekat, pelapis, dan bahan bangunan karena sifat adhesifnya yang baik
dan kestabilan kimianya. Prarancangan pabrik polivinil asetat memerlukan bahan
baku utama asam asetat dan etilen untuk memproduksi vinil asetat monomer (VAM)
yang kemudian akan melalui proses polimerisasi emulsi. Pabrik direncanakan
memiliki kapasitas produksi sebesar 25.000 ton/tahun dan berlokasi di kawasan
industri Cilegon, dengan pertimbangan ketersediaan bahan baku, infrastruktur, dan
potensi bencana.
Proses
produksi terdiri dari beberapa tahap utama, yaitu sintesis vinil asetat dari
asam asetat dan etilen, pemurnian vinil asetat, dan proses polimerisasi emulsi
untuk menghasilkan polivinil asetat. Reaksi utama berlangsung pada kondisi suhu
50°C dan tekanan 1 atm dalam reaktor semi-batch dengan inisiasi radikal
bebas menggunakan inisiator potasium persulfat.
Pabrik polivinil asetat beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari per
tahun dengan waktu operasi 24 jam per hari. Proses persiapan bahan baku menggunakan
reagen utama berupa CH2CH2 99,95% sebanyak 65.309 ton/tahun, CH3COOH 99,8% sebanyak 26.727,3230 ton/tahun, VAM sebanyak 12.525 ton/tahun dan
bahan pengemulsi seperti polivinil alkohol
sebanyak 1.318 ton/tahun. Penunjang proses meliputi kebutuhan air make-up sebesar 7.161,35 m³/hari, listrik 32,47 MW, dan air
pendingin sebesar 100,10 m³/jam.
Pabrik dirancang dengan estimasi kebutuhan fixed capital sebesar US$ 39.941.432,07 dan Rp109.232.742.253,33 dengan luas tanah sebesar 20.000 m2 serta working capital sebesar US$ 4.512.427,28 dan Rp7.375.735.079,70. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan profit bersih sebesar US$ 11.972.314,15 dengan ROI setelah pajak sebesar 28,79% dan Pay Out Time selama 2,65 tahun. Selain itu, nilai Break Even Point tercatat sebesar 55,58%, Shut Down Point sebesar 24,12%, dan DCFRR sebesar 32,06%.
Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is a
synthetic polymer widely used in the adhesive, coating, and construction
industries due to its excellent adhesive properties and chemical stability.
This preliminary plant design focuses on the production of PVAc using acetic acid
and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) as the main raw materials through an emulsion
polymerization process. The plant is designed with a production capacity of
25,000 tons per year and is planned to be located in the Banten industrial
area, East Java, considering the availability of raw materials, supporting infrastructure, and low disaster risk.
The production process consists of
several key stages, including
the synthesis of vinyl acetate from acetic acid and ethylene, purification of
vinyl acetate, and emulsion polymerization to produce polyvinyl acetate. The
main polymerization reaction is carried out at 50°C and 1 atm in a batch reactor with free radical initiation using initiators such as pottasium
persuflfate.
The main raw materials required are
ethylene (CH?=CH?, 99.93%) at 65,309 tons/year, acetic acid (CH?COOH, 99.8%) at
26,727.32 tons/year, and VAM at 12,525 tons/year, along with polyvinyl alcohol
as the emulsifier at 1,318 tons/year. Supporting
utilities include make-up water of
7,161.35 m³/day, electrical energy of 32.47 MW, and cooling water of 100.1 m³/hour. The plant is designed to operate
continuously for 330 days per year, 24 hours per day.
The estimated fixed capital investment is US$ 39,941,432.07 and Rp109,232,742,253.33, occupying a land area of 20.000 m², the working capital is US$ 4,512,427.28 and Rp7,375,735,079.70 per year. Economic analysis shows a net profit of US$ 11.972.314,15 per year, a post-tax ROI of 28,79%, and a Pay Out Time (POT) of 2,65 years. The Break Even Point (BEP) is calculated at 55,58%, the Shut Down Point (SDP) at 24,12%, and the Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) at 32,06%.
Kata Kunci : Polivinil asetat, vinil asetat, polimerisasi emulsi, kelayakan ekonomi