Prevalensi Ko-infeksi Parasit Darah (Theileria sp., Babesia sp., dan Anaplasma sp.) pada Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Bantul pada Tahun 2024

Lathifah Ahmad Imawati, drh. Heru Susetya, M.P., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Infeksi parasit darah merupakan permasalahan yang sering ditemukan di industri peternakan Indonesia. Parasit darah yang sering menyerang sapi di antaranya Theileria sp., Babesia sp., dan Anaplasma sp. Dampak yang terjadi akibat infeksi parasit darah misalnya pertumbuhan sapi terhambat, penurunan berat badan, penurunan daya reproduksi, penurunan produktivitas, hingga kematian sapi. Kerugian ekonomi berupa biaya yang diperlukan untuk pencegahan dan terapi infeksi maupun matinya sapi juga seringkali dialami peternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi parasit darah Theileria sp., Babesia sp., dan Anaplasma sp. serta asosiasinya dengan faktor ras, jenis kelamin, umur, dan Body Condition Score (BCS) pada sapi potong yang dipelihara di Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Identifikasi parasit darah dilakukan dengan pengamatan apus darah sapi menggunakan mikroskop dengan perbesaran 1000x. 150 sampel apus darah diperiksa dengan hasil 132 sampel terinfeksi parasit darah, 30 sampel terinfeksi Theileria-Babesia sp., 34 sampel terinfeksi Theileria-Anaplasma sp., 16 sampel Babesia-Anaplasma sp., dan 15 sampel terinfeksi Theileria-Babesia-Anaplasma sp. Analisa statistik kemudian dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS, diketahui terdapat hubungan antara infeksi Theileria-Babesia sp., Babesia-Anaplasma sp., dan Theileria-Babesia-Anaplasma sp. dengan ras sapi. Sapi jenis Bos indicus dikatakan lebih tahan terhadap infeksi parasit tersebut. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan infeksi parasit darah dengan faktor umur sapi. Sapi umur tiga sampai enam tahun diketahui lebih tahan terhadap infeksi parasit darah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah prevalensi infeksi parasit darah di Kabupaten Bantul pada tahun 2024 sebesar 88%, multi infeksi Theileria-Babesia sp. 20%, Theileria-Anaplasma sp. 22,7%, Babesia-Anaplasma sp. 10,7%, dan ketiga parasit (Theileria-Babesia-Anaplasma sp.) 10%.

Blood parasites infection is concerning problem often found in livestock industry in Indonesia. Types of blood parasites frequently discovered in cattle are Theileria sp., Babesia sp., and Anaplasma sp. Negative impact caused by blood parasites are low cattle growth, weight loss, reproductive ability decline, decreased productivity, even death. Economic costs required for prevention and therapy, as well as cattle’s deaths often disadvantage farmers. This study aimed to finds prevalence of blood parasite as Theileria sp., Babesia sp., and Anaplasma sp. and their association with breed, sex, age, and BCS (Body Condition Score) in cattle raised in Bantul Regency, Special Region Yogyakarta. Blood parasites identification done by observing blood smears with 1000x magnification. 150 blood smears observed and 132 positives for blood parasite, 30 positives for Theileria-Babesia sp., 34 positives for Theileria-Anaplasma sp., 16 positives for Babesia-Anaplasma sp., and 15 positives for Theileria-Babesia-Anaplasma sp. Statistical analysis done by SPSS application, it was revealed there was significant association between Theileria-Babesia sp., Babesia-Anaplasma sp., and Theileria-Babesia-Anaplasma infection and cattle’s breed. Bos indicus type of cattle found to be more resistant to these blood parasites infection.  Association between blood parasite infection and cattle’s age also discovered. 3-6 years old cattle found to be more prone to blood parasite infection. In conclusion, this study reveals prevalence of blood parasites infection in Bantul Regency in 2024 as high as 88%, multiinfection Theileria-Babesia sp. 20%, Theileria-Anaplasma sp. 22,7%, Babesia-Anaplasma sp. 10,7%, and Theileria-Babesia-Anaplasma sp. 10%.

Kata Kunci : Anaplasma, Babesia, Faktor, Parasit darah, Theileria