Pengaruh Pelatihan Fisik Terhadap Parameter Fisiologis, Hematologis, dan Kimia Darah pada Anjing Belgian Malinois di Direktorat Polisi Satwa Korsabhara Baharkam Polri
Grace Tabitha Tenggi Olihta Simatupang, Prof. Dr. drh Irkham Widiyono; Dr. drh. Yanuartono, M.P..
2025 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner
Anjing yang melakukan pekerjaan berat sering mengalami stres, tekanan panas, dan gangguan metabolisme selama pelatihan, yang dapat mengakibatkan masalah kesehatan fisik dan mencegahnya bekerja secara optimal. Hingga saat ini, belum ditemukan perubahan parameter fisiologis terkait aktivitas pelatihan rutin pada anjing polisi pekerja, khususnya Belgian Malinois, di Indonesia dengan suhu lingkungan lebih dari 25oC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan parameter fisiologis, nilai hematologi, dan kimia darah anjing Belgian Malinois di Direktorat Polisi Satwa Korsabhara Baharkam Polri Indonesia sebelum, sesaat setelah, dan 24 jam setelah pelatihan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 14 ekor anjing Belgian Malinois dengan rincian 7 jantan dan 7 betina umur 5-9 tahun yang telah bekerja sebagai anjing polisi selama lebih dari 2 tahun. Setiap anjing diberikan latihan fisik (berlari) dan keterampilan selama 60 menit (pukul 07.00-08.00). Aktivitas hewan selama latihan meliputi berlari menuju sasaran, mencari sasaran, menangkap sasaran, dan berlari kembali untuk menyerahkan hasilnya kepada petugas pendamping. Aktivitas tersebut diulang terus menerus hingga akhir sesi latihan. Setelah sesi latihan, setiap hewan diistirahatkan kembali dan diperlakukan seperti biasa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan tiga kali dengan mengambil 1 cc darah melalui vena cephalica untuk pengukuran hematologis dan kimia darah untuk fisiologis meliputi pengukuran suhu tubuh, pulsus, dan frekuensi nafas. Setiap perlakuan pengambilan sampel meliputi sebelum latihan, 5 menit sesaat setelah latihan dan 24 jam setelah latihan. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan nilai fisiologis yang meliputi rerata laju pernapasan, denyut nadi, dan suhu tubuh pada anjing Belgian malinois cenderung mengalami peningkatan sesaat setelah pelatihan dan kembali nilai level normal setelah istirahat 24 jam. Jumlah eritrosit total, kadar Hb, hematokrit, MCV, dan MCH tidak berubah setelah pelatihan, sedangkan jumlah leukosit total dan sel MID dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan setelah pelatihan dan kembali ke tingkat sebelum latihan setelah 24 jam istirahat. AST, CK, Glukosa, LDH, tidak mengalami perubahan setelah pelatihan, sedangkan pemeriksaan serum elektrolit mengindikasikan adanya alkalosis pernapasan sesaat setelah latihan, kemudian kembali normal setelah 24 jam istirahat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas pelatihan pada anjing di Direktorat Polisi Satwa Korsabhara Baharkam Polri Indonesia mengakibatkan perubahan pada nilai parameter fisiologis, hematologis dan kimia darah, dan semua nilai kembali ke level basal setelah istirahat 24 jam
Dogs that perform heavy work often experience stress, heat stress,
and metabolic disorders during training, which can result in physical health
problems and prevent them from working optimally. Until now, there have been no
changes in physiological parameters related to routine training activities in
working police dogs, especially Belgian Malinois, in Indonesia, where the
environmental temperature exceeds 25 °C. This study aims to determine changes
in physiological parameters, haematology values, and blood chemistry of Belgian
Malinois dogs at the Directorate of Animal Police Korsabhara Baharkam Polri
Indonesia before, immediately after, and 24 hours after training. This study
involved 14 Belgian Malinois dogs, comprising seven males and seven females, aged
5-9 years old, who had worked as police dogs for more than 2 years.
Each dog was given physical exercise (running) and skills training for 60 minutes (7:00-8:00). The animal's activities during training included running towards the target, looking for the target, catching the target, and running back to submit the results to the accompanying officer. This activity is repeated continuously throughout the training session. After the training session, each animal was rested again and treated as usual. Sampling was performed three times by drawing one cc of blood through the cephalic vein for haematological measurements and blood chemistry, as well as physiological measurements including body temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate. Each sampling treatment included measurements taken before training, 30 minutes immediately after training, and 24 hours after training. The results showed that physiological values, including the average respiratory rate, pulse, and body temperature in Belgian Malinois dogs, tended to increase immediately after training and returned to normal levels after 24 hours of rest. The total erythrocyte count, Hb levels, hematocrit, MCV, and MCH did not change after training. In contrast, the total leukocyte count and MID in this study showed a significant increase after training, which returned to pre-exercise levels after 24 hours of rest. AST, CK, and Glucose Levels did not change after training. In contrast, the serum electrolyte examination indicated respiratory alkalosis immediately after training, which then returned to normal after 24 hours of rest. The conclusion shows that training activities on dogs at the Directorate of Animal Police Korsabhara Baharkam Polri Indonesia resulted in changes in physiological, haematological, and blood chemistry values, and all returned to normal levels after a 24-hour rest.
Kata Kunci : Belgian Malinois, Physical Training, Physiological, Hematologic, Blood Chemistry
