TANGGAPAN FISIOLOGIS, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN HASIL TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.) TANAMAN PERTAMA TERHADAP PUPUK MAJEMUK FORMULA TEBU PADA FASE PEMANJANGAN BATANG DAN KEMASAKAN

Sandi Gunawan, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, S.P., M.P., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pupuk majemuk formula tebu pada aktivitas biokimia, fisiologis, pertumbuhan dan hasil tebu tanaman pertama saat fase pemanjangan batang dan kemasakan, (2) Mendapatkan formula pupuk majemuk khusus yang terbaik untuk tebu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Agustus 2023 - Agustus 2024 di Dusun Planden, Desa Margokaton, Kecamatan Seyegan, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Analisis laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Manajemen Produksi Tanaman Sub Laboratorium Ilmu Tanaman, Sub Laboratorium Ekologi Tanaman, serta Sub Laboratorium Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Analisis kimia tanah dan jaringan tanaman dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah, sub Laboratorium Kimia Tanah dan Tanah Umum, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Analisis kualitas tebu dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Rekayasa Kimia Industri, Politeknik LPP Yogyakarta. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) yang terdiri dari satu faktor dengan dengan empat blok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah dua pupuk majemuk formula tebu yaitu 1.000 kg/ha NPKS 14-9-18-4 (T2/formula 1) dan 1.000 kg/ha NPK 23-7-14 (T3/formula 2), serta 400 kg/ha NPKSZn 15-15-15-9-0,2 + 600 kg/ha ZA/NS 21-24 (T1/pupuk eksisting). Varietas tebu yang digunakan adalah Bululawang dengan tingkat kemasakan termasuk tengah-lambat (akhir) yang cukup dominan ditanam oleh para petani/pekebun. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap variabel iklim makro dan mikro, karakter kimia tanah, aktivitas biokimia, fisiologis, pertumbuhan, komponen hasil dan kualitas tebu. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANOVA) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%, dan jika analisis varian menunjukkan signifikansi maka dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hubungan antar variabel pengamatan ditentukan dengan analisis korelasi. Tingkat kekuatan pengaruh dari masing-masing sifat kimia tanah, fisiologis tanaman, biokimia tanaman dan pertumbuhan tanaman pada hasil tebu ditentukan dengan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa pupuk majemuk formula tebu yang ideal untuk memaksimalkan kapasitas biokimia, fisiologi, keragaan morfologi, serta kualitas dan hasil tebu tanaman pertama pada fase pemanjangan batang dan kemasakan yaitu pupuk NPKS 14-9-18-4 dosis 1.000 kg/ha (formula T2) melalui peningkatan klorofil total, kadar sukrosa, jumlah batang, tinggi batang, diameter batang, jumlah daun hijau, luas daun hijau, indeks luas daun, bobot segar daun, bobot kering daun, kadar brix, kadar pol, dan rendemen yang berkontribusi terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas hasil panen tebu. Pemberian pupuk majemuk formula tebu NPKS 14-9-18-4 dosis 1.000 kg/ha (formula T2) dapat meningkatkan rendemen, produktivitas tebu, dan produktivitas gula masing-masing sebesar 10,36%, 2,62%, dan 10,80% dibandingkan dengan pupuk eksisting (perlakuan T1).

The objectives of study were to (1) determine the effect of the application of compound fertilizer of sugarcane-formula on biochemical, physiological, growth and yield of sugarcane plant cane during the stem elongation and maturity stages, (2) obtain the best compound fertilizers of sugarcane-formula. The research was conducted from August 2023 to August 2024 in Planden, Margokaton, Seyegan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province. Laboratory analysis was conducted at the Crop Production Management Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Soil chemistry and plant tissue analysis were carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Sugarcane quality analysis was conducted at the Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology Laboratory, LPP Polytechnic, Yogyakarta. The treatments were two compound fertilizers of sugarcane-formula : 1,000 kg/ha NPKS 14-9-18-4 (T2/formula 1), 1,000 kg/ha NPK 23-7-14 (T3/formula 2), and 400 kg/ha NPKSZn 15-15-15-9-0.2 + 600 kg/ha ZA/NS 21-24 (T1) as an existing or standard fertilizer. The sugarcane variety used was Bululawang, a late maturity variety. The Observations were done on several variables of macro and micro climates, soil chemical characters, biochemical, physiologycal, growth, yield and quality components of sugarcane. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at ? 5% levels, and continued with LSD test if there were significance differences among treatments. The relationship between observation variables were determined by correlation analysis. The level of influence of each soil chemical, plant physiological, plant biochemical and plant growth traits on sugarcane yield was determined by multiple linear regression. The result showed that the ideal of compound fertilizer of sugarcane-formula to maximize the biochemical, physiological, morphological performance, and quality and yield of sugarcane plant cane in the stem elongation and maturity stages was NPKS 14-9-18-4 fertilizer at a dose of 1,000 kg/ha (formula T2) through an increase in total chlorophyll, sucrose content, number of millable canes, stem height, stem diameter, number of green leaves, green leaf area, leaf area index, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, brix content, pol content, and yield which contribute to the quality and quantity of sugarcane yield. The application of compound fertilizer of sugarcane-formula NPKS 14-9-18-4 at a dose of 1,000 kg/ha (T2 formula) can increase yield, sugarcane productivity, and sugar productivity by 10.36%, 2.62%, and 10.80%, respectively, compared to the existing fertilizer (T1 treatment).

Kata Kunci : pupuk majemuk, tebu, tanaman pertama, rendemen, produktivitas