Respons Perilaku Makan Diaphorina citri terhadap Aplikasi Insektisida Alami Berdasarkan Pemonitoran Electrical Penetration Graph (DC-EPG)

Safina Putri Nurrohmah, Alan Soffan, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Dr. Ir. Nugroho Susetya Putra, M.Si.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Diaphorina citri merupakan vektor utama penyakit Huanglongbing (HLB), salah satu penyakit paling merusak pada tanaman jeruk yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Ketergantungan terhadap insektisida sintetis berisiko menimbulkan resistensi dan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh insektisida alami berbasis mineral dan botani terhadap perilaku makan D. citri menggunakan metode Electrical Penetration Graph (DC-EPG), serta menilai potensinya dalam strategi pengendalian yang berkelanjutan. Terdapat tujuh perlakuan yang dilakukan, yaitu perlakuan minyak petroleum, minyak parafin, kaolin, minyak botani, dua insektisida sintetis (imidakloprid dan profenofos), serta kontrol. Perekaman dilakukan selama 10 jam per perlakuan dengan 12 ekor D. citri sebagai ulangan. Gelombang yang dianalisis meliputi fase non-probing (Np), jalur epidermis dan parenkim (C), kontak floem (D), salivasi floem (E1), penyerapan floem (E2), dan penyerapan xilem (G). Seluruh perlakuan menurunkan proporsi individu yang mencapai fase E1 dan E2, serta menurunkan durasi total fase E1 dan E2 sebagai indikator penularan HLB. Perlakuan imidakloprid, profenofos, dan minyak bumi menunjukkan penghambatan tertinggi terhadap aktivitas makan. Efek insektisida alami diduga berasal dari penghalang fisik pada permukaan daun yang mengganggu penetrasi stilet. Meskipun efektivitasnya sedikit lebih rendah, insektisida alami tetap menunjukkan potensi signifikan dalam menghambat penularan patogen. Temuan ini menyoroti peran insektisida alami berbasis mineral dan botani sebagai komponen efektif dalam strategi pengendalian ramah lingkungan terhadap D. citri dalam kerangka Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT).

Diaphorina citri is the primary vector of Huanglongbing (HLB), a serious citrus disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Reliance on synthetic insecticides for its control poses risks of resistance and negative environmental impacts. This study evaluated the effects of natural insecticides derived from mineral and botanical oils on the feeding behavior of D. citri using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) method. It assessed their potential as components in sustainable control strategies. Seven treatments were tested: petroleum oil, paraffin oil, kaolin, botanical oil, synthetic insecticides (imidacloprid and profenofos), and control. Each treatment was assessed using 12 individual D. citri, with EPG recordings carried out for 10 hours per replicate. The recorded waveforms were categorized into non-probing (Np), pathway through epidermal and parenchymal tissues (C), phloem contact (D), phloem salivation (E1), phloem ingestion (E2), and xylem ingestion (G). The results showed that all treatments reduced the proportion of individuals reaching the E1 and E2 phases and decreased the total duration of E2, which is an important indicator of HLB pathogen transmission. The treatments with imidacloprid, profenofos, and petroleum oil showed the strongest inhibition of D. citri feeding activity. The effect of botanical insecticides was likely due to physical barriers on the leaf surface interfering with stylet penetration. Although botanical insecticides were less effective in reducing feeding activity compared to synthetic treatments, they still demonstrated significant potential to disrupt pathogen transmission. These findings highlight the potential of natural insecticides as effective components of environmentally sustainable strategies for managing Diaphorina citri, thereby contributing to the reduction of HLB transmission within the framework of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

Kata Kunci : EPG, Huanglongbing, Penyerapan floem, Serangga vektor, Tanaman jeruk | Citrus plant, EPG, Huanglongbing, Insect vector, Phloem ingestion