Strategi sosialisasi peningkatan pemberian ASI (PP-ASI) eksklusif di Kota Bengkulu
MULYATI, Sri, dr. Kristiani, SU
2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang : Kebijakan PP-ASI merupakanstrategi Nasional yang harus dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah. Pemberian ASI eksklusif di kota Bengkulu mencapai 63,57%, kendatipun relatif tinggi bila dibanding angka Nasional (35%) namun masih rendah bila dibandingkan target Nasional menurut Anwar (2002) 80%, dan adanya variasi angka antar kecamatan. Demikian pula adanya strategi sosialisasi melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat, peran petugas dan peran lintas sektoral terkait. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi sosialisasi PPASI eksklusif di kecamatan yang angka ASI eksklusifnya tinggi dan rendah. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan metode kualitatif. Unit analisis di kecamatan Gading Cempaka (pemberian ASI eksklusif tertinggi) dan di kecamatan Muara Bangkahulu (pemberian ASI eksklusif terendah). Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala subdin kesga dan kasie gizi dinkes kota Bengkulu, kepala dan koordinator program KIA dan gizi puskesmas, camat, kader kesehatan dan ibu-ibu menyusui bayi umur 0-6 bulan. Objek penelitian ini strategi sosialisasi PPASI eksklusif. Cara pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, DKT dan check list check dokumen. Analisis data dengan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil: Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam hal ini TOMA dan LSM baik di Gading Cempaka maupun di Muara Bangkahulu belum dilaksanakan. Sedangkan pemberdayaan kader sudah dilaksanakan di Gading Cempaka, sehingga kader berperan dalam sosialisasi PP-ASI eksklusif, namun di Muara Bangkahulu belum dilaksanakan. Peran petugas baik di Gading Cempaka maupun di Muara Bangkahulu : petugas sudah melaksanakan penyuluhan kepada ibu hamil dan ibu menyusui baik dilaksanakan di puskesmas maupun di posyandu, hanya bedanya untuk di Muara Bangkahulu penyuluhan di posyandu dilaksanakan secara kelompok. Untuk petugas di Gading Cempaka telah melaksanakan pelatihan kader dalam rangka pemberdayaan kader sedangkan di Muara Bangkahulu belum melatih kader. Peran lintas sektoral baik di Gading Cempaka maupun di Muara Bangkahulu kurang nampak. Ada keterkaitan antara faktor sosek (sosek tinggi dan rendah), sosbud (positif dan negatif), pendidikan ibu (tinggi dan rendah), dan pekerjaan ibu (ibu bekerja formal/di luar rumah atau tidak) dengan pemberian pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan: Hal yang membedakan antara strategi sosialisasi di Gading Cempaka dengan Muara Bangkahulu yaitu bahwa di Gading Cempaka telah memberdayakan kader sehingga kader berperan dalam sosialisasi PP-ASI eksklusif, sedangkan di Muara Bangkahulu belum. Untuk strategi sosialisasi yang lain di kedua kecamatan hampir sama.
Background: The policy of PP-ASI is a national strategy that should be implemented by regional government. Giving ASI exclusive in Bengkulu was reached up to 63,57%, although it still higher than national rate (35%), it still lower than national target of 80% (Anwar, 2002), and there is a variation of exclusive ASI rate among sub districts. There is also a socialization strategy through community empowerment, role of officer and role of related sectors. This research was aimed to find out the socialization strategy of exclusive PP-ASI in sub districts with high and low exclusive ASI rate. Method: This was a case study with qualitative method. Analysis unit was in Gading Cempaka sub district (highest giving exclusive ASI) and Muara Bangkahulu sub district (lowest giving exclusive ASI). The subject of this research was the head of subdin kesga and kasie gizi (head of nutrition division) of Health Office in Bengkulu, head and coordinator of maternal perinatal health and nutrition of Primary Health Care, head of sub district, health cadre and mothers who feed their 0-6 months old babies. The object of this research was socialization strategy of exclusive PP-ASI. Data was collected with in depth interview, Focus Group Discussion and Check List check document. Data was analyzed with source and method triangulations. Result: Community empowerment through public figure and NGO in Gading Cempaka and Muara Bangkahulu was not yet implemented. Cadre empowerment has been implemented in Gading Cempaka, so that cadre played a significant role in the socialization of exclusive PP-ASI, although it has not been implemented in Muara Bangkahulu. Health care providers in Gading Cempaka and Muara Bangkahulu have given health information to pregnant mothers and breast milk mothers in the primary health care and integrated service post. The difference was only the health information in the integrated service post in Muara Bangkahulu has implemented ingroup. The health care provider in Gading Cempaka has implemented a training for cadre with regard to cadre empowerment, while in Muara Bangkahulu, the health care provider have not yet trained the cadre. The role of across sectors in Gading Cempaka and Muara Bangkahulu was not yet occurred. There was a relationship between factor of social economy (high and low social economy), social culture (positive and negative), mother’s education (high and low) and mother’s job (mother who work formally/outside home or not) with giving ASI exclusive. Conclusion: The difference between socialization strategy in Gading Cempaka with Muara Bangkahulu was that in Gading Cempaka has empowered cadre so that the cadre has a significant role in the socialization of exclusive PP-ASI, while it was not occurred in Muara Bangkahulu. For other socialization strategy in both of the sub districts was similar.
Kata Kunci : Layanan Kesehatan,Program PP,ASI
